Photochemical machining is an engineering production technique for the manufacturing of burr free and stress-free components in various industries. The thin, precision parts and complex geometries can be produced by using non-conventional machining process in diverse industries as aerospace, electronics automotive manufacturing. This paper focuses on study of three-dimensional photochemical machining at varying temperatures by using coloured photo tool. The process is starting with by designing of photo tool for different surface curvature. Cooper material was selected for experimentation, it has good electric and thermal conductivity. The control parameters selected were temperature, concentration and time. The temperature and time are varying parameter for etching. The depth of etch was measured by using Digital Micrometre having least count 0.001mm. The objective of this study is to achieve variable depth on two dimensional surfaces.3D PCM was carried out for flat surfaces followed by curved objects on copper.

In this article a desiegning procedure based on Chebyshev impedance matching is introduced to design coupled line Wilkinson power divider. The main objective in this paper is to introduce the simple procedure for Wilkinson power divider designing that can be used for both coupled and separated transmission lines. The Wilkinson power divider is mentioned as a four port network and even-odd mode analysis is used to calculate the characteristic impedances and resistor values. To clarify the advantages of this approach several designing for arbitrary dividing ratio with several coupling factor are done and the frequency response of some of them are compared together. The results show the simplicity of the introduced approach and also show the usability of this to use for coupled and decoupled Wilkinson power dividers.

Data Mining is the process of discovering patterns in large data sets and establish relationships to solve problems through data analysis. The main goal of data mining is to identify  patterns and to transform them into a more understandable structure for further analysis. Data mining process pares the overall task of finding patterns from data into a set of well defined subtasks. Data mining uses sophisticated algorithms to find patterns and evaluate the possibility of a future event. There are fundamentally different types of tasks these algorithms address. In this paper we make an effort to briefly explain these funadamental tasks .

VLANs provide for logical groupings of stations or switch ports, allowing communications as if all stations or ports were on the same physical LAN segment. This includes stations or ports that are physically located on different 802.1D bridged LANs.  Technically, each VLAN is simply a broadcast domain. VLAN broadcast domains are configured through software rather than hardware, so even if a machine is moved to another location, it can stay on the same VLAN broadcast domain without hardware reconfiguration.

The performance of the Indian economy depends largely upon the performance of the agriculture sector, which contributes nearly one –third of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Within the overall strategy of agricultural growth, irrigation is a major for modernizing Indian agriculture. Such irrigation resources are limited and the water use efficiency as well as agricultural productivity is low. Hence Micro irrigation in general and drip irrigation in is the most efficient method of irrigation was introduced in India in the year 1987. In this paper a comparative study of conventional and drip method of irrigation in Tirunelveli district has been studied in terms of resources use and production. Hence the policy should be focused on the promotion of drip irrigation in those regions where we find scarcity water and .

Thin SiO2 silica-gel film doped with 1mol.% Nd3+ ions has been synthesized using tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS) and neodymium nitrate as precursor sources of silica and neodymium oxides. The amorphous nature of gel glasses has been confirmed by XRD spectra. XRD investigation shows that both low (500oC) and high (1150oC) heat-treated samples to be amorphous indicating that the Nd ions are incorporated in the SiO2 network. Both temperature and γ-radiation-dependent spectroscopic properties of Nd3+ ions in silicate glass were studied. As the temperature increases, the optical absorption (O.A.) intensity of Nd2+ increases sharply. However transmission% (T%)  decreases sharply except at maximal temperature (1150oC) where it is completely increased. Optical absorption spectra (UV-vis) of the samples before and after γ- irradiation show generation of new broad band below 500 nm (390–458nm) along with dips in the spectrum at the location of main Nd3+ absorption lines at maximal heat-treatment temperature (1150oC). This is attributed to the generation of different types of defects in the glass matrix along with possibility of change in the valence state of Nd3+ to Nd2+. The behavior of both O.A. and T% spectra of the irradiated samples designates a strong dependence with gamma radiation doses, where the magnetic dipole transition 5D0→7F1 of the Nd3+ ions presents huge defects for irradiation doses up to 18 kGy. FTIR absorption spectra of these glasses are found to be dominated mainly by the characteristics silicate groups and water (OH) present in the glass network. The effects of temperature on IR absorption are observed in the form of bond breaking and possible re-arrangement of bonding. However, γ- irradiation produces minor effect on the IR spectra which can be related to the shielding behavior of the glass. The generation and bleaching of irradiated sol gel glass were found to permit the creation and reduction of the larger part of Nd3+ or Nd2+ ions respectively in the glass. This study also shows the usefulness of this sol-gel glass as yes or no dischargeable irradiation detector, due to the remarkable color change after irradiation, which persists for a long time (up to 20 days).

As a fundamental reform of traditional education, mobile micro-learning has developed rapidly in recent years. However, with the frequent access of users to cloud platforms, mobile terminal is facing serious energy consumption pressure, which limits the development of micro-mobile learning. Therefore, we propose a green cloud service provisioning method for mobile micro-learning. Firstly, the category homogenizing method and dynamic TF-IDF (D-TF-IDF) are used to classify user request, which can provide guidance for future service mode selection. Secondly, we search service from the 2-tier cloud architecture module according to the classified accuracy. Finally, Grey Wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is used to find the server with the lowest energy consumption and finish service provisioning process. The simulation results demonstrate that our method can achieve saving energy goal. In addition, the accuracy of D-TF-IDF algorithm ran up to 83.91%, which is 2.92% higher than that of Nave Bayes algorithm, 3.65% than that of Rocchio algorithm, and 7.64% than that of TF-IDF algorithm.

This paper represents to develop a new Radix Based FFT Algorithm for the analysis of Multiband OFDM and their FPGA parameters calculation, in order to reduce the complexity for the efficient operation of multiband -OFDM. This brief compares the use of multiplier less and DSP slice-based cross-correlation for IEEE 802.16d orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) timing synchronization on Xilinx Virtex6 and Spartan-6 field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The natural approach, given the availability of embedded DSP blocks on these FPGAs, would be to implement standard multiplier-based cross-correlation. However, this can consume a significant number of DSP blocks, which may not fit on low-power devices. Hence, we compare a DSP48E1 slice based design to four different quantization of multiplier less correlation in terms of resource utilization and power consumption. OFDM timing synchronization accuracy is evaluated for each system at different signal to-noise ratios. Results show that even relatively coarse multiplier less co-efficient quantization can yield accurate timing synchronization, and does so at high clock speeds. Multiplier less designs enjoy reduced power consumption over the DSP48E1 Slice-based design.

This paper presents the development of sectored antenna array and modified probabilistic neural network positioning algorithm for an indoor positioning system (IPS). Firstly, a new hexagonal IPS station is composed of six printed-circuit board Yagi-Uda antennas and Zigbee modules. It is designed to obtain the signals between an object and the station. Then, a modified probabilistic neural network (MPNN) is applied to estimate the accurate position of the object with the signal strength. From the experimental positioning results shown, the developed IPS system has the outperformance in an 8x8 square meters indoor scene. The proposed indoor positioning technique not only has a high positioning accuracy, but also is an effective solution to solve the difficult issue of positioning station deployment.

To have no side effects of medication is essential for the acceptance by the patient. Therefore the evaluation of possible side-effects of medication is an important part in drug development or after launch evaluations. But also on the primary effect, especially in pain killers, must be focused.

Most of the methods are invasive or painful, like the CO2-Inflation into to nose to measure the cortex activity after pain killer application.

A common side effect of drugs, especially pain killers, is the negative alteration of the gait in patients due to inconstancy or even falls due to side effects. Therefore the evaluation of the effects of drugs on gait parameters is of importance.

Different drug application, e.g. neuropathic pain killers, opioids or Cox-2-inhibitors, may have different effects on the gait parameters.

The new concept consists of noninvasive parameters which could be accomplished in different environments and with low side costs. The gait of the person to be evaluated is monitored by the system. The gait analysis consists of a walkway or treadmill in order to measure the velocity of gait. The other parameters are conducted by EMG of different leg muscles and a pressure distribution measurement.

The present pilot study evaluates for the first time the long-term effect of a Cox-2 Inhibitor (Celecoxib 200mg, once a day) on the gait parameters during 4 weeks of application. The patients suffered from pain during walking or standing in one hip unilaterally. The gait velocity increased by 0.66km/h (SD 0,52) or 25.4% from baseline to the 4 weeks measurement. Effects on the EMG patters and the pressure distribution were seen in the pilot study, but numbers of patients were too few for a real statistically relevant effect. The new concept shows that the less cost effective parameter of gait velocity is a good parameter to show effects on gait. But the further parameters of pressure distribution and EMG may show in larger numbers of investigated patients more difficile effects of brain affecting drugs.

Visual illusion is a specific perception that is inconsistent with the objective fact formed by humans or animals selecting improper reference or basing on perceptual experience when they observe objects. It reflects perceived ability and mechanism of visual system from a unique perspective. Therefore, it is of great significance to study illusion theory, establish proper mathematical models, and simulate natural scenes in computer for the development of psychology, physiology and computer vision. Illusions that can be quantitatively measured and quantitatively analyzed, is desired. In this paper, we utilize a new quantitative technique developed by our laboratory to measure a new blind illusion. The results can be expected to the elucidation of the mechanism of visual illusions, as well as leading to the understanding of perceptual features and intelligence.

This paper deals with a certain class of projective Klingenberg planes over the local ring F[η]/<η^{m}> with F an arbitrary field, known as the plural algebra of order m. In particular addition and multiplication of points on a line is defined geometrically and interpreted algebraically, by using the coordinate ring.

A numerical study of nonlinear dynamics for electric power system with the Static Var Compensator (SVC) control is presented in this paper. In the previous design (Liaw et al, 2009), we have proposed A sliding mode control (SMC) based output tracking scheme for regulating the load voltage of the electric power system. In this paper, we will extend the previous design to consider the effect of the load variation. The relationship between the time constant of SVC controller and the changing rate of load variation is obtained by using numerical study, which will then guarantee the success of the voltage tracking design with respect to the variation of both reactive power and real power.

Various disturbances of visual space recognition include unilateral spatial neglect (USN) and visual field defects (VFD) has been strongly associated with an increased risk for injury and with poor functional outcome. To quantitatively evaluate visual-spatial recognition in cerebrovascular disease patients, we developed a new measurement system able to present a versatile visual information. The system uses a head-mounted display (HMD) as the device that presents visual information. The purpose of this study was the development of a method for presenting diverse visual information and assessing visual space recognition using a new head mounted display (HMD) system. A total of eight subjects participated in this study, comprising four with USN and four with VFD. A test sheet was placed on a desk, and its image was projected on the display of the HMD. Then, space recognition assessment was conducted using a cancellation test and motion analysis of the eye, head and trunk movements under four conditions with images reduced in size and shifted. Leftward visual search was dominant in VFD patients, while rightward visual search was dominant in USN patients. The angular velocity of leftward eye movement during visual search of the right sheet decreased in both patient types. Motion analysis revealed a tendency of VFD patients to rotate the head in the affected direction under the left reduction condition, whereas USN patients rotated it in the opposite direction of the neglect. A new HMD system was developed for presenting diverse visual information and assessing visual space recognition which identified the differences in the disturbance of visual space recognition of VFD and USN patients were indicated. The HMD system may be available and effective for evaluating and training visual recognition and ADLs in VFD and USN patients as a clinical device.

Our planet is more connected than at any time in its history. Especially in air travel industry we can see that 2011, some 2,8 billion people traveled on 35,000 routes connecting 3,800 commercial airports. Together they flew 5.1 trillion km. Tariff structure is a tool of a carrier to influence his profit and to react on competitors respectively. It is a strategically planned sophisticated system of offered seat capacity for specific prices depending on many variables. The tariff structure has considerably changed in last years, above all as a consequence of the entry of low cost carriers.

In this paper, we discussed several different techniques use on digital image watermarking.The enlargement of internet and availability of the network incomputer now adays provide facility of multimedia data during passing information over the transmission medium. In this regularly developing society of the internet if using the traditional digital image watermarking technology doesn’t have the capability to provide security from intentionally or may unintentionally attacks. So multimedia data received conveniently without suffering the losses of information. The repercussion of these application create moderation and distribution of the illegal information easily for the uncertified parties. The technique of digital watermarking come into existence to vanquish these authentications issue. So watermarking is one of the solution come to salvage for protection from the unlawful operation like forgery, duplicity, modifying data content, copyright-violation. The digital based content can be protected by using watermarking. So digital watermarking is basically an embedding or hiding data technique. This data may in form of image, audio, text or video. In this paper we point two categories of digital image watermarking via spatial domain and frequency domain. We mainly focused to describe variety of techniques applied on digital image. The comprehensive set of experimental results through variety of the watermarking techniques on digital image, which is showing that their proposed method has superiority and provide improved performance of the watermarking algorithms in comparison with the previously proposed methods. These approaches having the ability to withstand against variety of image processing attacks such as salt and pepper noise, JPEG compression, Gaussian noise, some filtering attacks as median filtering, Conv filtering (Gaussian filtering and sharpening), some geometric structure distortion attacks as bending cropping, resizing and rotating. These schemes output performed to measure imperceptibility and its Robustness with Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Cross Correlation (NCC) values.

The wide speed enhancements & accepitance of wireless communication & networking techniques & miniatiazation of electronic circuits has created an ever increasing demand for automatic monitaning & logging of various processes & parameters human physiological & vital parameters also need tabe monifored & logged especially in the case of  elderly chonically ill or ander intensive case WBAN (wireless body area network) technologies are emerging day by day to provide for automated monitaning of various vital& non vitsl parameter of the human body the sfandarsds for medical WBAN are defined as IEEE 802.15.6   &IEEE802.15.6 WBAN allowe for weareable non invasive miniaturized sensor nodes to monitor various parameter & human baby  functions   this technology has the potiential to revobionize medice and allied industries especially telemedicine. Dengue ,is a vector generated disecase ,a type of painful fever ,with canse quential and life threating effects as sudden drop in blood pallet .this work is aimed at autenatic monitoring and logging of various vital parrameters of a dengue patient ,who needs continous monitaring ,The propased system ,implements measurement and software defined filtering of ECG Signals along with acquisition of temprature ,Spoz ,& Blood pressure (Systalic and Diastolic ) .All these parrameters are accquired by the sensor mode & Sent to the central service over TCP/IP protocol .The server also in corporades on artifical never all net work ,which analyzes all the parrameters and predicts patient over all health status and generates alomms in case of emmergencies.

We cannot imagine a day without a computer especially without Internet. E-Mail plays a vital role in communication globally for communication and sharing of data as well. Now a day the word phishing is known to some people but still a huge amount of people who does not know about this word.It is the most common way to perform cyber-crime by cyber-criminal. This paper present overview about phishing email attack, its classification and preventing approaches.

Nursing is considered to be an important place in the health system and it is the only health disciplines in all dimensions which healthy/sick individuals are handled as a whole. Nurses assume responsibility for all the life stages of people’s from birth to their death. The aim of this study is to determine the Department of Nursery at Anatolian Health Vocational High School 12^th grade students’ competence perceptions on area/section courses which take part at Ministry of National Education framework of instructional programs. This study is important to give some information about students’ competence perceptions of area/section courses. This study was conducted with volunteer of 119 students from a state Anatolian health vocational high school located in Marmara region in Turkey. Data which have been taken according to paired comparison method were scaled. As a result students perceive the competence at the course of First Aid and Emergency Care and they do not perceive the competence at the course of Pharmacology.

This paper describes a new simple method for the estimation of the generation lifetime in MOS capacitors fabricated on high resistivity silicon substrates. In this method, the transition between the strong inversion initial steady state and the non-equilibrium deep depletion state occurs by applying a triangular gate voltage. The mathematical model of the proposed method is presented. The generation lifetime value, τ_g = 517 ± 40 µs, obtained with our current-triangular sweep voltage method agrees with the 510 ± 30 ms value obtained by the C-t Zerbst method, and the 517 ± 15 ms value obtained by using the I-C-t characteristics for a pulsed MOS capacitor. The results obtained in this work show that the proposed simple method is useful as an express monitoring tool for an estimation of the generation lifetime.

Default Credit portfolios have historically been the major cause of financial distress in Nigeria commercial banks because of its inherent risk of possible loan losses (credit risk). It has also contributed to shareholders losing their investment in the commercial banks and inaccessibility of bank loans to the public. Also, evaluations of loan applications by Nigeria Banks are based on a loan officers' subjective assessment. Such assessment is inefficient, lack the ability to learn from customer past financial activities, inconsistent, bias in nature, delay in decision making, unreliable and non-uniform risk assessment which may lead to bankruptcies and defaulted loans. A soft computing framework based on a neurofuzzy model integrated with the customer Bank Verification Number (BVN) to link other Banks was developed. The method used deposit rate, withdrawal rate, average withdrawal, average deposit, loan request amount, collateral value, available cash and average income as inputs which was trained by the neural network to generate four output,that is, collateral, capital, character and capacity. Fuzzy rules were used to evaluate and determine the credit risk level for possible recommendation. The data for this framework was sourced from nine Nigeria Commercial banks. The soft computing framework was implemented using Java enterprise edition programming language. Experimental results showed that the system sufficiently evaluated the credit risk and generated the appropriate risk level with high accuracy for credit recommendation to minimized default loans in the Nigeria Banks.

In This study an introduction to the reconfigurable antenna technology is presented. After that a discussion about the main advantages and disadvantages of the reconfigurable antennain addition to the most important applications that can be used with the reconfiguring techniques, studyingthe history of this technology with a brief literature survey is explained. A detailed description for this technique with examples and background information are specified, reviewing the different reconfigurable antenna components,which can be used in an antenna to adjust its construction and functionality. These reconfigurable antenna techniques are grouped with a different classification methods to explain whichever established on the physical modification of the reconfigurable antenna radiating component, or on the integration of micro-electro-mechanical structures (RF-MEMS), varactors, PIN diodes, photoconductive components, or on the function of smart materials like ferrites and liquid crystals, etc.

In this work, we investigated the effects of electrode gap spacing on the amount of hydrogen produced in Aluminium/Copper Fuel Cell and its efficiency. Aluminium/Copper materials were used as the electrodes because of their high performance in the electrolyser systems while Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) was used as electrolyte. 10% concentration of potassium hydroxide was used throughout the experiment. The electrode spacing of 5mm and 10mm were used. It was observed from the graph that 5mm electrode spacing produced maximum efficiency of 29.7% and 10mm electrode spacing produced 17.7% efficiency. This implied that hydrogen production was highly dependent on electrode gap distance. The smaller the gap between the pair of electrodes, the more hydrogen was produced and the more efficient is the system.

traffic congestion is a recurring problem not only in India but worldwide. In many states traffic is being a major hurdle due to urbanization and auto-mobilization. Karnataka is one of such states with fast growing cities such as Bengaluru have wide scope of rapid growth in economy and population; there is a raising trend of traffic congestion resulting in delay in reaching the destination. Bengaluru city has experienced a phenomenal growth in vehicle population in recent years due to city expansion, urbanization and independent culture.

According to survey; the time taken to travel the same distance has seen a regular increase as Bengaluru’s traffic-choked roads are seeing an addition of roughly 5lakh vehicles each financial year, with the total number of vehicles in Bengaluru breaching the 60.59lakh mark this year. By February2016, the number of ‘non-transport’ vehicles such as two-wheelers and cars in the city had reached 54.67lakh. According to Transport Department, 41.86lakh two-wheelers dominated the city’s roads, followed by 11.8lakh cars. The number of transport vehicles stands at over 5.91lakh, 1.05 lakh taxis and 40,365 Buses. The city has seen a steady increase in the number of vehicles being registered from 41.56lakh in March2012 to 55.59lakh in March2015, and now over 60.59lakh by February2016. According to Transport Department at least 1lakh more vehicles had been added to this tally March2016. Statistics clearly indicate that the number of public transport is less and people opt for private vehicles as there is no proper arrival and departure times, delay due to unpredictable traffic, connectivity to exact destinations, convenience and reliability issues.  

With Bengaluru’s 12.33 million population bus transport is the most economical and affordable transport system from societal perspective. The rapid increase in the number of vehicles on the road has escalated the need for managing traffic flow efficiently to optimize utilization of road capacity. Public transport has huge delays to each stop due to traffic congestion during peak hours.  A wells structured unique lane for BRTS can provide a high level of mobility, on time arrival, departure, reduction in the waiting time of passengers. The paper is a proposed idea for controlling and managing peak time traffic. With the trend of worldwide urbanization, an increasing number of vehicles are swarming into city road networks of limited capacity, leading to excessive increase of traffic congestion. As a result the major conglomerate junctions are operating over the capacity and average journey speeds on some of the key roads in the Central Area are lower than 10kmph in the peak hour. Therefore it has become necessary to establish plans for efficient traffic management in Bengaluru. The target of the study is to make uniform travel time for the people at both peak and non peak hours. This paper attempts to understand the application of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) in Indian context with case studies as a solution to the current traffic management practices. The use of modern amenities and efficient data communication has now become the basic requirements of all the services.      

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of transdermal oxygen therapy in healing bedsore and also to find out the association with the selected demographic variable such as age, gender, diagnosis, duration of diagnosis and wound stage.

Design, setting: A pre experimental one group pre-test post-test design was used. Purposive sampling technique was used for obtaining 30 neurological patients with bedsore of selected Hospitals of Guwahati, Assam. Pre-test and post test score of the sample were assessed by using PUSH tool score. 

Measurement: The technique used by the investigator in the study was Measurement and observation checklist.  The pre-test score of the bedsore was measured using the PUSH tool on the first day before starting with the oxygen therapy and then dressing was applied over the bedsore. From the next day onwards for seven consecutive days’ post test score of the bedsore ulcer were taken and 14 observations were made.

RESULTS

 Out of 30 samples majority 19 (63.33%), were in the age group of more than 51years, 18 (60%) were males, 19 (63.33%) were diagnosed with stroke, 17 (63.33%) were hospitalized for more than 3 weeks, 18 (60%) were diagnosed for more than 2 months, 26 (86.66%) has no history of diabetes mellitus and 18 (60%) were in the third stage pressure ulcer. Majority of the samples 30 (100%) has shown improvement in the healing process of pressure ulcer. The mean before and after intervention were 11 and 7 respectively. The transdermal oxygen therapy was effective which was proved by paired t test at 0.05 level of significance as the calculated value of “t” was 27.75 respectively was highly significant at 0.05 % level. So, it signifies that the transdermal oxygen therapy helps in healing the pressure ulcer.  There was no association of the pressure ulcer with any of the associated demographic variables

IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE

• Pressure ulcers develops in neurological patients is result of complex and multi factorial approach
• Nurses can provide better care to the client with bedsore to fasten the healing process.
• The transdermal oxygen therapy is effective for rapid healing of pressure sore
• Nurses can also put greater emphasis on the prevention of pressure ulcer in the client.  

With the popularity of sensor-rich mobile devices (e.g., smart phones and wearable devices), Mobile Crowdsourcing (MCS) has emerged as an effective method for data collection and processing. Compared with traditional Wireless Sensor Networking (WSN), MCS holds many advantages such as mobility, scalability, cost-efficiency, and human intelligence. However, MCS still faces many challenges with regard to security, privacy and trust. This paper provides a survey of these challenges and discusses potential solutions. We analyze the characteristics of MCS, identify its security threats, and outline essential requirements on a secure, privacy-preserving and trustworthy MCS system. Further, we review existing solutions based on these requirements and compare their pros and cons. Finally, we point out open issues and propose some future research directions.

Data Mining is nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown and potential useful information from the databases. For a database with number of records and for a set of classes such that each record belongs to one of the given classes, the problem of classification is to decide the class to which the given record belongs. The classification problem is also to generate a model for each class from given data set. We are going to make use of supervised classification in which we have training dataset of record, and for each record the class to which it belongs is known. There are many approaches to supervised classification. Decision tree is attractive in data mining environment as they represent rules. Rules can readily expressed in natural languages and they can be even mapped through database access languages.

     Now a day’s classification based on decision trees is one of the important problems in data mining   which has applications in many areas. Database system has become highly distributed, and we are using many paradigms. We consider the problem of inducing decision tree in a large distributed network of highly distributed databases. The classification based on decision tree can be done on the existence of distributed databases in healthcare and in bioinformatics, human computer interaction and by the view that these databases are soon to contain large amounts of data, characterized by its high dimensionality. Current decision tree algorithms would require high communication bandwidth, memory, and they are less efficient and scalability reduces when executed on such large volume of data. So there are some approaches being developed to improve the scalability and even approaches to analyse the data distributed over a network.

   A key challenge for data mining is tackling the problem of mining richly structured datasets, that is distributed and links between objects in some way. Links among the objects may demonstrate certain patterns, which can be helpful for many data mining tasks and are usually hard to capture with traditional statistical models. Recently there has been a surge of interest in this area, fueled largely by interest in web and hypertext mining, but also by interest in mining social networks, security and law enforcement data, bibliographic citations and epidemiological records. Data on the web is huge and distributed across various sites. The traditional approach is to integrate all data into one site and perform required analysis. The problem with this is its time consuming and not scalable, so we need to find more efficient algorithms to mine data that is distributed over the network.

Renewable energy technologies have the potential to contribute to both economic and social development through enhance energy access. Like many other sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) countries, Kenya has abundant renewable energy resources such as biomass, solar, wind, biofuel and geothermal. Recent studies shows that Kenya has the most vibrant and fastest growing solar energy market among the developing counties. Despite the great achievement, the market is still facing enormous challenges that must be addressed to exploit the full potentials of renewable energy. It is against this background that a study was taken to identify challenges that need to be addressed to unlock the potentials of pico solar in Kenya. The study was conducted in six countries (Bungoma, Embu, Kirinyaga, Kitui, Migori, and Samburu). Both secondary and primary data were used for this study. Key challenges were identified in the following areas of Local manufacturing; Marketing and private sector involvement; Pico solar energy policy; Consumer awareness and; Waste, environment and climate change consideration. The results of the study subjected a further discussion by stakeholders during a 3-day key stakeholders’ workshop held in Nakuru from 28^th to 30^th June 2016. The paper summarizes the discussion by the stakeholders and the key recommendations.

On the basis of a suitable theoretical ground, we study and propose Antennas for the generation, in Acoustics, of Non-Diffracting Beams of ultrasound.  We consider for instance a frequency of about 40 kHz, and foresee fair results even for finite apertures endowed with reasonable diameters (e.g., of 1 m), having in mind various possible applications, including remote sensing.  We then discuss the production in lossy media of ultrasonic beams resisting both diffraction and attenuation.  Everything is afterward examined even for the cases in which  high-power acoustic transducers are needed (for instance, for detection at a distance —or even explosion— of buried objects, like Mines).

With the profound changes in global digital media, the focus of Internet users has gradually shifted to how to quickly obtain information without paying attention to where the information is stored. However, the current TCP/IP network protocol architecture cannot adapt to the rapid development of today's content applications. In order to adapt to the changes in the Internet, information-centric networking (ICN)has received extensive attention. Besides, the optimization of the user service request scheduling problem is the core issue affecting the performance of the ICN , and it is one of the hot research topics in the ICN network. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive routing forwarding strategy based on neural network algorithm. Through the modeling of the classic architecture named data networking (NDN) network delay model of ICN network, a neural network algorithm is used to delay prediction, and a forwarding strategy mechanism based on predict delay is designed to innovate in the NDN. The interface information Stat is added to the forwarding information base (FIB) of the network component to implement the dynamic selection of the forwarding routing. In addition, routing dynamic self-adaptation adjustment mechanism and fault rerouting function are designed in consideration of the situation of route congestion and interruption. Simulation results show that this strategy effectively reduces network delay and improves network performance.

The Public Knowledge Project (PKP) is a collective of academics, librarians, has been, since 1998, building open source software (free) publishing platforms that create an alternative path to commercial and subscription-based routes to scholarly communication. It sets out how its various website platforms, including Open Journal Systems, Open Conference Systems, and, recently, Open Monograph Press, provide a guided path through the editorial workflow of submission, review, editing, publishing and indexing. Thousands of faculty members around the world are now using the software to publish independent journals on a peer-reviewed and Open Access basis, greatly increasing the public and global contribution of research and scholarship.

        Informatics Institute Postgraduate Studies Journal (IIPSJ) publishes research and scholarly contributions that inform the development, implementation, and evaluation of research, education .

    IIPSJ  provides a platform for researchers and practitioners to share knowledge in the form of high-quality research papers and to improve ranking of Iraq in technological field over the world, researcher’s names, and make huge library for Iraqi students can use it on their studies.

This paper analyses the economic challenges presented due to the recent phenomenon of a rapidly ageing population and recommends suitable policies, while also highlighting the case studies of Japan and Italy - countries with the highest proportion of their population  aged above 65 in the world.

Agile methods allow software teams to respond quickly to change. The agile approach reduces the schedule risk associated with traditional software engineering, in which integration of component parts is treated as a late-phase effort. Testing throughout the process as opposed to at the end of the project can bring a number of benefits for app developers, especially in the discovery of coding flaws or other bugs. When testing takes place on a regular basis during the development process, app developers and testing counterparts easily spot issues along the way and correct them as they go. This ensures that the project will continue smoothly and that any issues will be more easily corrected. Additionally, introducing test automation early, connecting functional along with even load and performance tests to Continuous Integration acts as a part of regression testing, where the development team takes responsibility for bugs in the code. This frees up dedicated testers and performance experts to focus on more complex use cases and determining test scenarios that cover areas outside the code, like infrastructure, corner cases and third party testing. This papers discovers different methodologies in agile that suits mobile application development along with testing.

Purpose: To investigate the presence of Alexithymia, Hostility and Depression in patients suffering from acute and chronic somatic illnesses.

Methodology: 210 individuals participated: 55 patients with acute somatic illnesses, 47 patients with chronic somatic illnesses and 108 healthy subjects. They were assessed with the Beck Depression Index (BDI-21), the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ). Data selected and analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS).

Results: Chronic somatic patients exhibited higher scores on Depression and Alexithymia, compared to acute somatic patients (p<.000), while acute somatic patients exhibited higher Hostility scores, compared to chronic patients (p<.000). Both groups exhibited higher Depression, Alexithymia and Hostility scores compared to healthy subjects (p<.000).

Conclusions: Psychiatric symptomatology  in patients suffering from chronic somatic illnesses differs from psychiatric symptomatology  in patients suffering from acute somatic illnesses, when Depression, Alexithymia and Hostility were examined.

The conventional adaptive control algorithm has a very high real-time requirement for six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) series robotic manipulator system. When the unknown parameters of the robotic manipulator are mutated, it is difficult to ensure the stability of the robotic manipulator system. Aiming at this phenomenon, an optimal algorithm based on adaptive robust control is proposed. When the algorithm is applied to the robotic manipulator system, the actual trajectory at the end of the manipulator is as close as possible to the desired trajectory in the simulation. The algorithm is based on the conventional algorithm, the design of the sliding mode surface to reduce the system position error, adding robust control algorithm to compensate for the instability of the system. The simulation results show that the actual trajectory can quickly track the desired trajectory, and the position error approaches zero. 

In this paper explores the performance of GaN based double gate n-channel junction less tunnel FET (JL-TFET) and its comparatively new technology, which is suitable for low power applications. To overcome the major challenges faced by conventional MOSFET and it reduces the low current driving capability, ambipolar behavior of the TFET. In this material enhances the device performance especifically the faster switching, compact size, low ON resistance, less capacitance improved thermal conductivity and relatively lower cost than Si devices. In JLTFET select the appropriate work function and interfaces is to improve the ON current and ambipolarity. In this optimization to provide idea to select the appropriate length direction towards the practical feasibility at the experimental level values tried to achieve in this.

In the methods of teaching the E-learning become the one of great invention, there are many assessment methods in E-learning, one of these assessment is the essay, when teacher want to correct manually it may take long time, so the automatic scoring of essay in recent years has been increasing rapidly. Using usually the method of cosine similarity, it depends on feature extraction in the texts of answers, no matter about the order of the words in the statement.   In this study show how the text similarity can have evaluated the student’s answers, so its need to be more accurate.

Many Machine-to-Machine communications relies on the physical objects like satellites, sensors etc interconnected with each other, creating mesh of machines producing massive volume of data about large geographical areas. Thus, the Machine-to-Machine is an ideal example of Big Data. On the contrary, the Machine-to-Machine platforms that handle Big Data might perform poorly or not according to the goals of their operator in terms of the cost, database utilization, data quality, processing and computational efficiency, analysis etc. Therefore, to address the aforementioned needs, we propose a new effective, memory and processing efficient system architecture for Big Data in M2M, which, unlike other previous proposals, does not require whole set of data to be processed (including raw data sets), and to be kept in the main memory. Our designed system architecture exploits divide-and-conquer approach and data block-wise vertical representation of the data- base follows a particular petitionary strategy, which formalizes the problem of feature extraction applications. The architecture goes from physical objects to the processing servers, where Big Data set is first transformed into a several data blocks that can be quickly processed, then it classifies and reorganizes these data blocks from the same source. In addition, the data blocks are aggregated in a sequential manner based on a machine ID, and equally partitions the data using fusion algorithm. Finally, the results are stored in a server that helps the users in making decision.

The current research work presents laboratory experimental results on local scour around vertical-wall bridge abutments in uniform sediments under clear water scour conditions. The study reports an extensive experimental investigation, that was performed in an experimental model in the Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly, whose findings are used to describe the effects of various parameters on local scour depth evolution. The experimental measurements of scouring depths were obtained in the vicinity of the construction for different inflow discharges and flow duration. The expected bed erosion and the maximum scour depth at the upstream edge of the construction are satisfactorily simulated by the experimental procedure. Three different sizes of the abutment width normal to the flow direction were used in order to investigate the impact of this parameter to local scour variation.

All experimental test case results described in this work are relevant to unsteady, two-dimensional, quasi or fully three-dimensional flow calculations for viscous flows in open channels with sediment transport. All the experimental results are graphically presented and may be used to assist in the development of new and the verification and refinement of existing river numerical simulation models for computing free-surface flows with movable beds, specifically around bridge abutments and generally on bed level variation due to sediment transport.

In this paper, an Experimentation Framework for project-based learning in Electronics is developed to bridge the gap in practical electronics mastery amongst undergraduates of electrical engineering. The framework comprises of an Electronics Laboratory Trainer (AEL-350) and a practical handbook. The All-in-One Electronics Laboratory Trainer (AEL-350) can be used for the conventional hardware experiments, in addition to component emulation where the components are not easily available.  Additionally, the practical handbook which doubles as a manual and a tutorial is written for the Laboratory Trainer. Microcontrollers and multiple displays formed the heart of the design of the Electronics Laboratory Trainer. Proteus, Livewire and Eagle PCB Simulation software were used for circuit design and simulation. Also MIDE compiler was used to debug the embedded C Program. The AEL-350 Trainer has several on-board components and sensors, multiple-outputs double rail power supply unit, 8-bit TTL outputs and inputs, de-bounced clock, peripheral interface controller and double-sized breadboard to make it flexible for users to perform up to 350 experiments and projects for mastery of electronics design and implementation. The AEL-350 is portable, with a dimension of 36cm x 35cm.

This paper presents an implementation of Direct Torque and Flux Control (DTC) scheme for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive, focusing on the development of the digital control. The control was designed so that to allow accurate sampling related to control update time, considering in addition a measurement scheme common to the low power drives. Simulation and experimental results are presented to sustain the solution proposed for digital control implementation.

Chatbots are software agents used to interact between a computer and a human in natural language. Just as people use language for human communication, chatbots use natural language to communicate with human users. The main aim of their creation was to resemble a human being in the way they perform said interaction, trying to make user think that they are writing to a human. In this paper, we analyse some existing chatbot systems namely ELIZA and ALICE and then concludes that it is easier to build bots using ALICE because of its simple pattern matching techniques that building one for ELIZA since it is based on rules. Finally, we discuss our proposed system. In particular, the proposed system is the implementation of ALICE chatbot system as a domain specific chatterbox which is a student information system that helps users in various queries related to students and universities.

Today, the majority of people have become completely dependent on mobileapplications. These applications could be a gateway to sensitive data that attract more hackers. The Android penetration testing process helps to address security weaknesses or vulnerabilities in the Android platform. In this paper, we present different penetration tests (or pentests) for Android-based mobile applications in a very comprehensive manner. First, we explain how to set up a pentesting environment, including hardware/software requirements, USB debugging, and configuring a proxy.Next, weperform some of the most popular pen testing tools such as AFLogical, Dex2jar, JD-GUI, Apktool and Drozer by using Santoku Linux distribution. Finally, we conduct an Android repackaging attack on selected apps byusing Santoku Linux distribution and then demonstrate the attack on our Android VM. This work attempts to give developers and security professionals a step-by-step guide for Android mobile application pen testing.

The present study revivals the analysis of crack on aeroplane wing at different positions. Also states the deformation of wing structure against the different positions of crack on aeroplane wing. For this study the NACA 4412 Clark-y profile is used to generate aerofoil shape of aeroplane A320. Again the model is generated in CATIA v5 R21 software for further analysis. The ANSYS is used to carry out harmonic response analysis for prediction of deformation against pre loading condition at different positions of crack on wing. This shows the variation in results for different positions of cracks on wing to decide the maximum deformation of wing structure.

In the process of construction there is a complex lead to the possibility of delays in project completion. The emergence of project completion delays may be caused by the parties involved in the implementation of the project that is owner factors, contractor factors, and other external factors that are also related to the implementation of the project. This research was conducted in order to determine the causes of delays in project implementation in terms of owner factors, contractor factors, and external factors on PT. Telkom Property. Conducted by distributing questionnaires to contractors, owners and subcontractors, the results obtained were processed using rank analysis. This study concluded that the factors causing delays in the completion of projects at PT. Telkom Property the most dominant contractor factors, have the rank order (ranking) as follows: (1) deficiencies in the provision of human resources, (2) failure of schedule planning, (3) a shortage in the supply of money, (4) failure of site coordination, (5) shortage in the provision of material, (6) a shortage in the supply of tools, and (7) shortages in the supply of sub-contractors.

Heat exchanger using nano fluid is a device in which the heat transfer takes place by using nano fluid. In this the working fluid is nano fluid. Nano fluid is made by the suspending nano particles in the fluid like water, ethylene glycol and oil, hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons etc. An analysis of forced convection heat transfer has been carried out in a semifluid tube heat exchanger equipped with spiral coiled inserts using CuO/water as a nano fluid and distills water as base fluid. Tests has been conducted for plain tube and for tube with inserts for the determination of heat transfer, friction factor and thermal performance factor in the Reynolds number range 4000 to 10000 and volume concentration from 0.01%, 0.015% and 0.02% of nano fluid at room temperature. The results achieved from the use of the CuO/water nano fluid and helical coiled inserts, are compared with plain tube with and without inserts. The experimental results reveal that at similar operating conditions, heat transfer, friction factor as well as thermal performance factor associated with the simultaneous application of CuO/water nano fluid and spiral coiled insert are higher than those associated with the individual techniques. Evidently, heat transfer rate increases with increasing CuO/water nano fluid volume concentration and decreasing pitch ratio. In addition, the copper oxide based nano fluid coupled with helical coiled insert in a copper tube in parallel arrangement offer higher heat transfer performances than plain tube. In this experimental study, the maximum thermal performance factor 1.23 is found with the use of CuO/water nano fluid at volume concentration of 0.02% in copper tube coupled with helical coiled inserts at pitch ratio (p/d=2) in parallel arrangement, for Reynolds number of 4713.93.

Lightning is a natural phenomenon; in which massive electric discharge occurs between the electrically charged regions within clouds, clouds to clouds or between a cloud and the Earth's surface. Lightning flash is referred as the temporal equalization of charge regions within the atmosphere. Lightning occurs approximately 40–50 times a second worldwide, resulting in nearly 1.4 billion flashes per year. Present Lightning Location and Protection(LLP) systems used in many countries are capable of studying long-term characteristics of CG lightning flashes with a typical range of 600 km with many sensors interconnected to form lightning detection networks that span thousands of kilometres that can capture lightning in vast land masses.

The ultimate purpose of this study is to assess the possibility of occurrence and variation of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes over the geographical boundary covered by the LLP system of Sweden. Thus, the study measures the cloud density and lightning strike frequencies within the period of the last fourteen years (2000-2014) recorded by Lightning Detection Centers of the LLP system which were holistically dispersed all over Sweden.

Wavelet theories, time frequency analysis and Range Normalization of Signal Strength (RNSS) were used to analysis the results. Wavelet theories have been used to analysis the pattern over the period. Time frequency analysis and RNSS values were used to determine risk status.

According to the analysis, two types of lightning strike patterns were identified in Sweden. One is “Annual Lightning Strike Pattern” which occurred between 0.7-1.4 year and the anther is “Extreme Lightning Strike Pattern” which occurred every 3-5 year period and its frequency increased equator to polar sides of Sweden. Lightning risk was calculated over the period by using RNSS values as magnitude and lightning frequency. The results show that the lightning risk also varied in similar patterns and its return pattern varies from 4 – 3 years from Southern to Northern part of Sweden respectively.

This article describes the performance evaluation of Rectangular microstrip patch antenna using different feeding techniques such as Coaxial probe feed, Inset feed and Microstrip line feed. Three antennas are designed at frequency 2.44 GHz (Bluetooth). The antenna is designed by using substrate FR-4 which has dielectric constant 4.4, thickness 1.6 mm and loss tangent 0.02. Return loss, VSWR, Smith chart, Bandwidth are simulated and compared all these parameters for different feeding techniques. Simulation is done by using Ansys Electronics HFSS suite 19.2.

Rural transportation is a significant channel of ensuring effective movement of rural people and the collection and exchange of goods and services to enhance rural economy and development in Nigeria. This study was aimed at assessing road transportation impact on rural development, with a view to determine the contributions of road transport to rural development. Eight settlements were selected randomly in the study area with total population of 2,651 (1991 population census). This was projected to year 2015 and amounted to 4,794 at which 5% was taken as sample size. This translated to 240. Therefore, 240 questionnaires were administered in the study area. Systematic Sampling technique was used for the questionnaire administration. Findings from the study revealed that the rural roads are in poor condition which has influence on the cost of transporting farm produce and economy of the area. Recommendations were made to improve the existing road condition of the study area; Local Government Council should be equipped with finance, personnel and equipment to manage and maintain rural roads to ensure effective movement and Federal and State Governments should embark on various policiessuch as upgrading and maintenance of rural road, rural empowerment and development, rural infrastructure improvement and development towards enhancing rural development in Nigeria.

When Vietnamese enterprises are participating within the international markets the intensity of completion is very high, this is now also being passed through into the local markets. To survive in the global markets the Vietnamese SMEs should enhance their management systems and processes, to maintain levels of the current global trends and this will support the growth of the management and business. These notable issues within this empirical study will discuss the role of business planning, managerial control and the mediating role of budget process towards SMEs performance. The researcher suggests that the SMEs management should seek innovation and then enhance their management process based on the key managerial factors of this study; restructuring and improving the firm’s performance to adapt with the international integration. 

The S.S 316 is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum austenitic stainless steel developed to provide improved corrosion resistance to S.S 304/304L in moderately corrosive environments. 316stainless steel is selected over other materials because of its distinct properties, cheaper cost and its availability in the market. 316stainless steel used is a boiler grade steel used in pressure vessels. Type 316 stainless steel is broadly used in application demanding corrosion resistance superior to Type 304, or good elevated temperature strength. Typical uses include exhaust manifolds, furnace parts, heat exchangers, jet engine parts,tanks, evaporators, paper and textile processing equipment.. The addition of molybdenum improves general corrosion and chloride pitting resistance. TIG welding is most popular method for welding of stainless material. SS316 is commonly used for producing milk silo in dairy industry. The objective behind this research is to optimize process parameter and to determine the influence of process parameter on the quality of weld. Welding current and Gas flow rate is process parameter selected for experimental work. In this research Taguchi method is used to optimize  welding current and Gas flow rate. In this project work, X-ray radiographic test has been conducted in order to detect surface and subsurface defects of weld specimens made of SS 316 austenitic stainless steels. Effect of current, gas flow rate and metal plate thickness on quality of weld in metal inert gas arc welding of SS316 austenitic stainless steel has been studied in the present work through experimental analysis. Butt welded joints have been made by employing different levels of gas flow rate, current, and plate thickness. The quality of the weld has been assigned in terms of yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation of welded specimens. The observed data have been interpreted, discussed and analyzed using Taguchi methodology.

The research purpose to analyze the potential bankruptcy of sharia life insurance companies in Indonesia using Altman Z-Score, Springate and Zmijewski methods. Moreover, it was conducted to find out the differences of those three methods and determine the accurate method among them. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. The population was 24 sharia life insurances industries and 19 that meet the criteria as sample in the period 2013-2017. This research used three approaches of bankruptcy method, called Altman Z-Score, Springate and Zmijewski and next the comparison test. The results of potential bankruptcy showed that the Altman predicted 4% of sharia life insurances went bankrupt, 7% were in a vulnerable category and 89% were in the healthy category. The Springate predicted the companies went bankrupt was 9% and 91% of companies were in the healthy category. However, Zmijewski's predicted that no companies potentially bankruptcy, in other words all companies were in healthy category. The results of comparison test showed that there were significant differences between Altman and Springate method, Altmand and Zmijewski method, and Springate and Zmijewski method. At last, the most accurate method in predicting sharia life insurance companies was Springate method with 9% accuracy.

Visually impaired people find difficulties detecting obstacles in front of them, during walking in the street, which makes it dangerous. The smart stick comes as a proposed solution to enable them to identify the world around. In this paper we propose a solution, represented in a smart stick with ultrasonic sensor to detect any other obstacles in front, left and right of the user, within a range of four meters. Moreover, another sensor is placed at the bottom of the stick for the sake of avoiding puddles. The vibration of motor is activated when any obstacle is detected. The blind stick is integrated with ultrasonic sensor along with GPS &GSM based Navigation/Tracking system. This proposed system uses the microcontroller ATmega 328 embedded system. The stick is capable of detecting all obstacles in the range 4 meter during 39 ms and gives a suitable respect message empowering blind to move twice his normal speed because she/he feels safe. The smart stick is of low cost, fast response, low power consumption, light weight.

Hydroxyapatite coating was built on the surface of materialsby mineralization of phytic acid-metallic ion complex, whichfurther absorbed surplus phytic acidon the outer layer. Then, silver ions were stabilizedbased on their chelation with phytic acid. Finally, we obtained silver-loaded hydroxyapatite coating when the silver ions were reduced to nano silver particles under the effect of glucose. The successful loading of silver particles were proved by scanning electron microscopy, Raman and EDS measurement. This coating exhibited broad antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (gram negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram positive bacteria). The antibacterial hydroxyapatite coating developed here might have potential applications in the area of biomedical, such as bone and dental implant.

Mycotoxin contamination in foods and feeds poses serious health hazard to humans and animals. Aflatoxins, which are mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic and immunosuppressive, could be produced by certain strains of Aspergillus parasiticus, A. nominus and A. flavus. An aim of this study was to examine the antifungal activity of various essential oils(EOs) obtained fromM. longifolia, Nepeta asterotricha, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Ferula assa- foetida and Heracleum persicum against A. flavus. Comparing the effect of EOs obtained from five plant species mentioned above showed that at 2000 ppm concentration all EOs tested were capable of inhibiting mycelia growth of A. flavus ranging from 100% to 18%. The highest and lowest levels of antifungal effect were obtained using M. longifolia and Heracleum persicum, respectively.Gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analyses were applied to determine the constituents of M. Longifolia oil, as the most effective EO in suppressing A. flavus growth. Obtained data indicated that the main compounds of this EO were limonene (1.7%), 1,8-cineole (2.2%), 1-borneol (1%), isopiperitenone (1.3%), piperitenone (18.7%) and piperitenone oxide (70%). Spore germination of A. flavus was completely inhibited by IC50 and MIC concentrations of M. longifolia EO. Whereas, these concentrations of the EO had no inhibitory effect on sporulation of the fungus. Morphological changes of A. flavus via application of M. longifolia EO at IC50 concentration were compared with control and considerable alterations in the hyphae and conidiophores of treated samples were observed. Aflatoxin production by A. flavus significantly decreased at MIC concentration of M. longifolia EO compared to control. Only aflatoxin B1 was detected at low concentration using the MIC level of this EO. So, the EO obtained from M. longifolia might be used as a biological agent to decrease mycelial growth and aflatoxin production of A. flavus for protecting crops from this toxigenic fungus.

In this study, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts of four different plant species were evaluated. These plants are; Olea europaea (Olive leaf), Liquidambar orientalis (Turkish sweetgum), Ziziphus jujuba (Lotus) and Juniperus communis (Juniper) which are common in Mediterranean region and used in various application, especially for therapeutic purposes. The most efficient extraction yield was obtained for Liquidambar orientalis as 24.7 %, and followed with Ziziphus jujuba and Olea europaea. The extracts of Liquidambar orientalis exhibited the highest phenol content as 0.372 mgGAEq/g sample. Antioxidant activities of the extracts ranged between 8.009 and 0.527 TEAC (mmol/g sample). Extracts of Liquidambar orientalis had the highest antioxidant capacity with 8.009 TEAC (mmol/g sample). The antimicrobial activities of plant extracts were evaluated by using both disc diffusion and minimum inhibition concentration assays. Disc diffusion results were obtained for each plant extracts. The diameter of inhibition zones ranged between 20.5 and 7.8 mm. The extracts of Liquidambar orientalis had the highest inhibition activity with 20.5 and 19.2 mm inhibition zones against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli respectively. The extract of Olea europaea had second highest antimicrobial activity against E.coli with a inhibition zone diameter of 13.6 mm. Both extracts of Ziziphus jujuba and Juniperus communis showed approximately the same inhibition activity. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of plant extracts ranged between 0.4 and 100 mg/ml. Liquidambar orientalis extract had the lowest MIC values against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis. The extract of Juniperus communis had second highest antimicrobial activity against S.epidermidis, S.aureus and B.subtilis with minimum inhibition concentration value of 3.125 mg/ml.

Appendiceal mucocele is a rare disease. Sometimes it is discovered accidentally and sometimes it resembles acute appendicitis. Correct diagnosis before surgery is important for the selection of adequate surgical treatment to avoid intraoperative and postoperative complications. Ultrasonography, and particularly computed tomography (CT), should be used extensively for this purpose. If mucocele is treated incorrectly, pseudomyxoma peritonei may develop. We report a case of appendicular mucocele in a male patient aged 60 years old who was admitted to the emergency department of Military Hospial Mohamed V in Rabat, with the signs of acute appendicitis. As if it were an elderly patient, in whom the literature insists on performing CT, therefore appendicular mucocele was discovered by this imaging technique. Emergency open right hemicolectomy and ilio transverse-colon anastomosis termino lateral was performed because the base of the append was involved in the process. No free fluid was found in the peritoneal cavity. Histopathologic diagnosis was mucocele of appendix with simple mucous cyst. The follow-up were simple without any recurrance since five years.

Helical Compression Springs finds wide application in automobiles as shock absorbers. Springs stores the energy of deformation due to applied load and retain its original position, shape or size after the load is removed. Springs can be further classified as leaf springs, torsion springs. The basic design parameters for spring manufacturing consists of spring index, pitch, free length, wire diameter, flat ends, circular ends, number of turns etc. Various research scholars have performed successful investigation on springs with different software packages.

Our end goal in present work is to determine relationship between wire diameter and number of turns on load bearing capacity. The concept of Full Factorial Design is studied for obtaining the desired result. Pareto Chart along with OVAT analysis shows impact of factors on response. Further ANOVA analysis is carried out for determining the validity of the proposed model.

The study aimed to conduct a diagnosis of the hygienic-sanitary conditions of food and beverage sector of hotels in Pelotas/RS and interventions based on the concepts of Best Practices. During the period of September 2012 to January 2013, a diagnostic of hygienic sanitary conditions through the application of the Ordinance No. 78/2009 check list and an intervention through a training course for food handlers was conducted. It was calculated the percentage of adequacy of hotels, as a very good level (Group 1) above 90%, from 75% to 90% as a good level (Group 2), acceptable level between 50% and 75% (Group 3) and below 50% as unsatisfactory level (Group 4). The main results showed an increase of the percentage of the items covered after the intervention in two of the hotels, demonstrating that the training may have contributed to the improvement of hygienic sanitary conditions in them. The improvement of some items was also verified when analyzed in individual blocks from the check list after the training in each hotel. Nevertheless, it was also noticed that there still are several inadequacies, demonstrating the need for greater attention from those responsible for food and beverage services in hotels.

Supercritical carbon dioxide has been suggested and is under development for non-thermal pasteurization of food and perishable beverages by virtue of its effectiveness in microflora and enzyme inactivation.  In comparison to competitive technologies, it is particularly attractive at industrial scale since the liquids can be continuously processed with recirculating carbon dioxide. One of the most attracting application is the preservation of increasingly interesting fresh-like juices of fruits and vegetables, particularly the low acidic ones like carrot juice, for which the shelf life can be enhanced of about one order of magnitude (from two or three days to about three weeks or more) while maintaining the main characteristics of the fresh squeezed equivalent. Most of this exciting result is directly related to the unique reversible acidification action of this technology. In this study it has been found that Pectin methylesterase and Peroxidase are actually the solely responsible for cloud stability disappearance and off-flavor, browning and other enzymatic-related undesirable changes occurring during the storage of fresh-like carrot juice, under refrigerated conditions. In fact, the level of Polyphenol oxidase activity is very low and the level of fat in this juice is also very low, thereby nullifying the potential negative action of those enzymes that may cause adverse effects by acting on fats.  In this contest, it has been found, using a semi-continuous laboratory apparatus, that a micro-bubbled stream of supercritical carbon dioxide at 313 K, 25 MPa and juice/CO₂ ratio (w/w) equal to 0.33, significantly inactivated the labile isoform fraction of PME (above 70%) and of POD (almost completely) in about one hour. The values of the stable isoform dimensionless activity of the above mentioned enzymes and of the inactivation constant were calculating by fitting experimental data with a plain, semi-empirical equation obtaining the following results: 0.0894 and 0.00345 min^-1 for PME, and 0.1072 and 0.04035 min^-1 for POD.

Relevance of the topic due to the use of structural modeling guidelines for describing and studying the behavior of economic entities with a view to deciding on the best choice of a state in which an object may be economic in terms of stability, functionality, profitability and system compatibility between economic entities.

Modern physics is trying to solve problems like singularity, dark energy and universe expanding by using sophisticated methods in particle and quantum physics. But, the mentioned problems should also be solved in the classical General Relativity Theory (GRT). As it is well known, Schwarzschild solution of the Einstein’s field equations is in fact a vacuum solution. Unfortunately, this vacuum solution generates appearances as singularity and dark energy with unknown source. Here we show that the singularity and dark energy with unknown source are direct consequence of the vacuum solution of the Einstein’s field equations. In that sense we employ new Relativistic Alpha Field Theory (RAFT) that proposes solution of the field equations without appearances of singularity and offers the source of dark energy. This is the consequence of the following predictions of RAF theory: a) no a singularity in a gravitational field and b) the gravitational force becomes positive (repulsive) if (GM/rc²) > 1, that could be the source of a dark energy.

In current scenario, static and DHCP both has addressing schemes which also protect large number of end users without any burden on administrator. Also performance study need real network[1] and the final result shows that end user take not more than one millisecond to register himself or herself for protected ARP cache. Lastly server can hinder any external attacker in only a moment.

This paper is regarding exploring a possibility of providing free education to the unprivileged by means of E-Learning. Most of them are very eager to learn but are unable to do so because of the lack of resources, and awareness of how to get an already available free resource. The paper addresses an Artificial Intelligence-based data model: Artificial Neural Networks [ANN]. This model can be used to provide online materials for educational purposes based on the needs and interest of a user. An approach to this issue is discussed, and a proposition has been given to address the preferred issue.

Language education is ever evolving to accommodate changes brought about by time and the development and breakthroughs in the education sector in general, and to rectify or improve non-effective approaches to suit unique language learning needs that may arise. This research was carried out to investigate the use of Google Assistant to help a group of rural primary learners in Baram, Sarawak, Malaysia who struggled with reading comprehension activities. There are two main objectives outlined for this study. First, the research sought to explore the effectiveness of using new emerging technologies such as AI-enabled virtual assistants such as Google Assistant, and to determine its usefulness in language teaching and learning under the technology-assisted language learning (TALL) paradigm. The research also sought to investigate the positive impacts brought by the usage of Google Assistant in classroom practices, namely in reading comprehension activities, and to an extent other language learning process as well. It was found that Google Assistant is an effective language learning facilitator in reading comprehension activities and brought notable positive impacts in reading comprehension activities.

The word service is related to a task accomplished through human effort to provide assistance to the needy. In the higher education sector, it is difficult to manage the institutions from the marketing point of view because the concept of customer has not been clearly defined. Students are the “customer” of a university1 but it is suggested that viewing student as customers creates some tensions as universities seem to be too aligned with business.2 Developing customer (student) satisfaction at universities level is crucial. If this is achieved, it will facilitate realisation of the strategic objectives of the university more effectively. The higher education sector ensures quality of the educational process with the help of accreditation agencies established for the purpose. The main agency which accredits university and colleges in general education is the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) established on 16th September, in 1994, under section 12 (ccc) of the UGC Act of 1956, whereas such accreditation for technical education is done by the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) set up by AICTE in 1994, and for agricultural education by National Accreditation Board (NAB) set up by ICAR in 1996. Some of the other professional regulatory bodies are attempting to set up their own accreditation agencies[3].

Atmospheric dust samples from major roads in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria were analyzed for heavy metals. The heavy metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) Buck Scientific model 210VGP. The overall mean of the concentrations of heavy metals assessed in the samples were in the order Zn > Mn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr. Pollution indices such as contamination factor, enrichment factor, ecological risk factor and geo-accumulation index were used to evaluate the heavy metals concentrations in the dust. Result of contamination factor indicated that the degrees of contamination are moderate to considerate except Ni with very high value of contamination factor while enrichment factors are deficiency to moderate. All heavy metals assessed showed low ecological risk and the index of geo-accumulation of the metals in the dust samples were found within uncontaminated to moderately contaminated level except Mn which was extremely contaminated base on value computed. This confirmed that the dust from the urban area is facing probable environment pollution with dangerous heavy metal.

Study Objective: Female genital cutting (FGC) has been identified as one of the most common harmful traditional practices that affect females’ psychological well-being in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to establish the existence of psychological complications due to FGC; and the provision of opportunities and expert counselling especially for those at the adolescent stage.

Design: The Input-Process-Outcome evaluation model and the survey research design were adopted. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select participants for the study. Two qualitative (FGC In-depth Interview and FGC Focus Group Discussion Guides) and one quantitative instrument (Female Genital Cutting Update Training Rating Scale [FGC-UDTRS]) were developed by the researchers; while a second quantitative instrument (FGC Opportunities and Expert Counselling Rating Scale [FGC-OECRS]) was adapted for collection of data from relevant respondents.

Setting: Healthcare providers were engaged in one-on-one discussions on the existence of psychological complications due to FGC, especially among females with FGC in their adolescence years; while females with FGC participated in focus group discussion sessions to express their views on FGC and psychological experiences associated with the practice. Relevant quantitative instruments were administered to both groups of participants to establish the outcome of update training on opportunities and expert counselling assessed by HCPs for the provision of psychosocial support services.

Participants: Healthcare providers and females with FGC from five (5) primary healthcare centres/maternal health centres participated in the study. These were selected from the two Local Governments Areas (LGAs) of intervention in Oyo State i.e. Ibadan North East and Lagelu LGAs.

Interventions: Intervention activities included update training on opportunities and expert counselling for HCPs; and the establishment of Maternal Health Counselling Centres (MHCCs) to facilitate psychosocial support services for females with FGC.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Narrative analysis was used to analyse qualitative instruments while quantitative instruments were analysed using Simple Linear Regression.

Results and Conclusions: Evidence from the study shows a high level of psychological complications due to FGC; these were very much associated with the practice by affected females. Effectiveness of update training for healthcare providers is evident in the high rate of psychosocial support assessed at the various maternal health centres. Hence, constant and relevant update training should be embarked on for healthcare providers, in order for appropriate psychosocial support services to be rendered to females with FGC.

A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been a highly suspect genetic marker for personality. In this study, a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene was used to characterize genetic vulnerability to negative life events in a representative nonclinical undergraduate students. We observed 9-repeat allele,  10 repeat allele and 12 repeat allele for VNTR polymorphism of this gene.  A number of genetic variants moderates the effects of environmental risk. Frequencies of short (s/s) and long alleles (l/l and l/s/) of 5-HTTLPR were found as mean: 17% and mean: 83%.  Short allele (“s”) in the 5-HTTLPR gene was significantly associated with environmental experiences of these students.  The study suggests a gene–environment interaction whereby biological determinants of attachment disorganization are moderated by social experiences. We determined that the interaction reached a higher level of significance when the threating life events effect on depression in (s/s) genotype carriers was compared with the other two genotypes combined (l/l or l/s). The 5-HTTLPR  gene can interact with environmental conditions. There is the relation between learning perceptual style and 5-HTTLPR  gene polymorphism.

Background :Health care professionals are not immune to social prejudices and surprisingly share the general public’s attitude attributed to people with mental illness. Recruitment and retention of mental health nurses is challenging. Undergraduate nursing students’ attitude towards mental health nursing may influence whether they choose to practice in this speciality upon graduation. Nursing students are future health manpower. Research related to nursing student’s attitudes towards mental illness is limited.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the attitude of undergraduate nursing students towards mental illness of a selected nursing institution in an urban setting prior to their psychiatric clinical exposure.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the attitude of undergraduate nursing students towards mental illness prior to their clinical experience in psychiatric ward. Data was collected over a period of 02 week by administering a standardized attitude assessment scale. Attitude regarding mental illness was assessed and associated with demographic variables including age, type of family, religion, marital status of parent, family history of mental illness and previous knowledge regarding psychiatry.

Result: The study showed a highly negative attitude among undergraduate nursing students towards mental illness. The study showed that 33.34% undergraduate nursing students had more positive attitude and 66.66% were towards a higher negative attitude.                                            Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, the result assessed attitude of undergraduate nursing students towards mental illness prior to their psychiatric clinical experience.

This paper is a report of a study carried out in 2017 in Public Primary Teachers,’ Colleges (PTCs) in Kenya, Rift Valley Region. The study sought to establish the attitudes of tutors on ICT integration in teaching Kiswahili in PTCs and was guided by Social Cultural Theory (SCT). The inquiry employed sequential mixed methods design and pragmatic philosophical paradigm.  Purposive sampling was used to select five PTCs, 36 tutors, all second year student teachers, five Deans of Curriculum and Director e-Learning at the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD); stratified random sampling was used to get 232 student teachers from the colleges. Data was collected using questionnaire, structured observation and interview schedule.  Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively, presented using tables and bar graphs in frequencies and percentages while qualitative data was analyzed and presented in themes. The investigation found that tutors’ attitudes on application of ICT integration were positive; they were enthusiastic of the new technology.  Though the tutors had positive attitude they did not integrate, they failed to utilize ICT integration in the teaching of Kiswahili thus it was not a practice the PTCs. The researcher recommends that, KICD to organize in-service trainings (INSETs) for all the tutors in PTCs on ICT integration in the teaching of Kiswahili.  ICT integration in teaching Kiswahili should be mandatory and tutors who integrate should be motivated.

Black cotton soil is very susceptible to detrimental volume changes, with changes in moisture. This behavior of soil is attributed to the presence of mineral Montmorillonite which has expanding lattice; Black cotton soils because of their specific physical & chemical make are subjected to volume changes. In many countries including India, these soils are so extensive that alteration of highway route to avoid the material is virtually impossible. Various remedial measures like soil replacement, prewetting, moisture control, lime stabilization etc have been practiced with varied degree of success. Extensive research is going on to find the solutions to black cotton soils. In the present work experimentation is carried out to investigate efficacy of lime, fly ash, Alkalis and other Additives in improving the properties of black cotton soil.

In this paper, we test the capability of the Topic model to extract topics from documents (Griffiths &Steyvers, 2003, 2004; Griffiths, Steyvers&Tenenbaum, 2007). After presenting the mathematical aspects of the model and demonstrating its behavior on a small corpus, we attempt to falsify the model by manipulating (i) the size and similarities between the sub-corpora, (ii) the relative weight of sub-corpora,and (iii) the permeability to the scope and nature of contexts added to a fixed corpus. The model successfully passed our five tests, demonstrating that first, extracted topics were relevant and congruent to the content of the corpus, and second, that their probability appropriately reflected the relative weight of sub-corpora.

Wireless sensor networks have become an important tool for modern growers. Sensors provide the ability to monitor conditions from the farm-level down to individual plants. Such sensors include ambient temperature, humidity, soil water content, irrigation pressure, applied water volume, and fertilizer concentration. Commercially-available wireless sensor networks for agriculture have until recently focused on sensor monitoring, but not control. Growers using these systems have a wealth of crop information from sensors, but must implement control decisions using traditional means such as stand-alone irrigation controllers or manual labor. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) find wide applications in environmental monitoring. MAC protocols play a vital role in controlling the energy consumption in a WSN. It tells the network when and how to access the medium. Time Division Multiple Accesses (TDMAs) are well suited for these real time applications. Because it prevents radio interference, and reduces energy consumptions. In this paper we reviewed the Basic Architecture of Automatic irrigation system using of WSN and some applications of WSN.

We consider a redundant system which consists of two parallel active components. The time-to-failure and the time-to-repair of the components follow exponential distributions. The repairs of failed components are randomly interrupted. The time-to-interrupt is taken from an exponentially distributed random variable and the interrupt times are also exponentially distributed. We obtain the availability for the system.

Banking bot is an artificial intelligent development for banking operations, which can understand people queries and responds accordingly. The main aim of this project is to develop a banking bot using artificial intelligent algorithms which should be able to analyze and understand user’s queries and react accordingly. For any banking related queries we have to go to the bank or call to customer care. It takes lot of time and effort and bank people are also very busy to attend our queries. On the other hand we don’t get complete information from the customer care executives.  It will be more suitable if we can directly post our queries online or chat with the bank people and get the response within less time. To overcome this problem we proposed banking bot where people can directly chat with a bot and they can integrate all of their bank accounts into same bot account and access them easily. In this Banking bot, we have included the four basic bank operations namely adding and viewing the beneficiary, fund transfer, viewing the balance and mini statement. In addition, users can post any query regarding the banking operations.

This paper draws on gender as a fundamental cultural mechanism of Disney animated film, Aladdin (1993). Adopting a cultural(ist) and postcolonial theory, the aim of this study is to investigate Disney’s representation(s) of the Arab woman. It shall argue that the production of such representations streams from colonial principles and serve imperialist intentions.. Part of the concerns of this work is to briefly tackle the portraying of man and space in Disney’s Aladdin. In this vein, the present article provides a scrutiny of how Disney as a culture machine represents the Arab world in general but focuses mainly on the image of Arab women in one of the most popular Disney animated films which are generally labeled as innocent, fun and entertaining.

The present study aims to analyze by the perception of seropositive individuals the improvement in the quality of life with the practice of physical exercise. The study was attended by 55 (fifty-five) HIV / AIDS divided into 30 (thirty) experimental group and 25 (twenty five) control group of both sexes. To collect the data, the study used the Quality questionnaire SF-36 life and 04 (four) objective questions with HIV positive people in the experimental group in order to identify an improvement in the quality of life of people living with HIV / AIDS with physical activities. The study made use of descriptive statistics using the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation and the inferential analysis was carried out a Student’st test to compare means of independent samples.

The Philippine School Doha registrar’s data shows that the number of interracial students has been exponentially increasing for the last three years concerning its relocation to a more massive campus.  This paper aims to learn and understand the different perceptions and experiences encountered by interracial students.Method: This study used a qualitative approach that utilized phenomenology as the research design to understand the lived experiences of students who belong to an interracial family, relative to the central question: “How do students with an interracial family adapt to their culture?” Furthermore, this study focused on the specific question: “What are the common social adjustments experienced by the students who belong to an interracial family?” Findings: Findings have shown the different social adjustments of students who belong to interracial families in terms of their ethnicity, language proficiency, enculturation, and lifestyle. Conclusion: Interracial students experienced difficulties as they have to adapt to a multicultural environment and manage academic & family challenges simultaneously. Recommendation:The researchers recommend a further investment of time and observation in this research in order to cover every aspect relating to interracial students for more significant variance and to avoid biases as this could not often be accepted by readers of all races, and conflicts could happen.

Galactomannan gum is an importing group of Polysaccharides base, hydrocolloids are high molecular weight polymers and generally used in a growing number of application. at the present work Galactomannan gum which has been extracted from Guar seeds were modified using an ecofriendly and alternative way to the chemical classical modification using an enzymatic modification by Laccase enzyme, Cellulase enzyme and Brewer yeast this was by rheological properties of the prepared gum were measured as well as the native gum in addition to different storage time also for both modified and un modified guar one.

The study was aimed to determine the efficiency of P .aeruginosa for biofilm formation and siderophore production, and to assess the existence of correlation between siderophore production and biofilm formation. Ten P .aeruginosa were isolated from different wounds infection and identified based on morphological, biochemical and fatty acid methyl esterase analysis.  Biofilm formation capability of isolates was studied by growing them on 96-well microtiter plate containing trypticase soy broth at 37oC for 24h.  It is found that all strain of P. aeruginosa have the ability to form biofilm. However the strains PA01, PA02 and PA03 were shown strong biofilm formation. Siderophore production by isolate were study on CAS agar plate, after incubation the individual colony of isolates shown orange colored zone around the colony,  reveals that all are positive in siderophore production. Further  siderophore production  were  estimated and it’s  found that, out of ten isolates, the strains PA01, PA02 and PA03 of P .aeruginosa were produced maximum siderophore i.e. 66, 68, and 65%.

This article aims to present research information regarding designing of a wearable biometric device that will keep an account of heart beats, body temperature and the calories burnt by the respective user. The display will be given on an android application on user’s cell. Bluetooth low energy (BLE) technology will be used for communication between the device and the application. The purpose behind designing of this device is to keep an account of user’s health parameters. The Bluetooth enables wireless communication between the device and the application.Biometric band is a device which tracks user’s pulses, calories and body temperature. The device is supported by a small battery, a Bluetooth tag and a memory. The data will be acquired with the help of pulse count detector, Thermistors and accelerometer.

As per the current scenario, the payment systemused in buses is same old way of getting the ticket from the conductor. This is way more time taking since providing with the correct amount (change) is not possible every time. Also communication takes more time as compared to digital booking.For example; the bus conductor has to print tickets for every passenger after knowing their respective stoppage which takes comparatively more time as compared to digital payment.The main idea behind this project is to collect the fare automatically using digital payment system. It will be designed to make travelling more comfortable for the people.Carrying changes will no longer be a problem and keeping an eye on the transactions will no longer be a headache for the government as well as for the passenger.

A vague picture of life and death arise in the mind casting a shadow of fear and sorrow while one recounts the disease called cancer. Since the last few decades, Kashmir is experiencing a rising graph of breast cancer patients. Cancer is synonymous to death in Kashmir. Breast cancer, the most frequent cancer of women in the world is the second leading site of cancer in females in Kashmir. But more tragic is that Kashmir has a higher death rate of breast cancer patients than that of rest of India. This is partly due to the lack of awareness regarding this dreaded disease and partly due to the late presentation before a practitioner. The problem gets aggravated due to lack of resources and hence termination of or delay in proper treatment. All this amounts to the lesser survival years of patients. The high mortality rate of breast cancer patients in Kashmir can be attributed to its socio-cultural structure. The deeply rooted cultural values and traditions with respect to women folk become an obstacle in timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The present paper brings to fore the socio-cultural factors leading to the lesser survival years and hence higher death rate of breast cancer patients in Kashmir valley.

Transportation is the movement of people or goods from one place to other place. It is the backbone of each economy. Different modes includes air, water, rail and road. The two important things considered before journey are, the route and the mode to reach the destination. The fleet management, logistics, and networking has got huge importance in this century. So without the above mentioned, the transportation system won’t be efficient. Public transportation is one of the most important mode of transportation which is being used by the common people. So proper optimized schedule results in increased dependence on public transportation system, that ultimately reduce the traffic congestion, pollution etc.                This project will be focussing on the city bus route system in Hyderabad, includes two pilot routes named route 40 (Secunderabad to Koti) and route 86J (Secunderabad Rathfile to Kesari hanuman Temple). The project is given to the French company in ITS field named LUMIPLAN ITS by the TSRTC (Telangana State Road Transport Corporartion)

The performances of the Stirling engine are affected by the convection coefficient and the “X” factor and not only by the variation of the gas quantity from the cylinder with the medium pressure variation. The convection factor indicates that a sensibility study concerning the characteristic parameters is mandatory.

Due to the global warming problem, it is more urgent than ever to take carbon emission problem seriously. It is needed to take carbon emission cost into consideration. Gravity method is used to do location selection. Three aspects of work have been done. First, the carbon emission cost of a certain kind of truck is calculated. Second, the comparison between considering and not considering carbon emission is done. Third, a distance parameter is added to transfer straight-line distance to real distance. The research gets the result in two cases: case 1 single mode transportation tools are used, the best site has no changes with total cost rising; case 2 multi-mode transportation tools are used, the best site coordination has changed with cost rising in general except extraordinary case. At the end, we show the application of the model. The carbon emission cost affects the location modeling, the cost like carbon dioxide tax will drive the location center to move a little bit in the direction of the CO2 efficient area towards less efficient area. 

The proximate composition of the carob seed hull were analyzed in order to evaluate the effect of carob seed tegument fragments (as contaminants) on locust bean gum (LBG, a galactomannan usually used as food additive) composition. It has been observed that the hot-water-insoluble residue, recovered after LBG flour dissolution and centrifugation, contains about 71-100% of total arabinose, xylose and rhamnose present in LBG crude flour. These results suggest the presence of non-galactomannan polysaccharides in LBG flour. The separation of the seed components by boiling water pre-treatment furnished ~30% of brown coat. The seed coat sugar composition, determined by GC analysis after partial acid hydrolysis, shown that arabinose (~20%) and xylose (6%) are the major monosaccharides in the hull polysaccharides (theorically from hemicelluloses fraction (≥20%)).

It can suggest that the minors sugars as arabinose, xylose and rhamnose, usually determined in carob gum analysis, came from the small pieces of seed husk remaining in gum flour during its primary extraction process.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by a limitation of gas exchange, associated with an enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response to noxious particles and gases. The pulmonary emphysema, within the spectrum of COPD, is characterized by destruction of alveolar walls with consequent progressive dyspnea. To the present day, there is no effective clinical treatment for COPD, and the available therapeutic approaches are only palliative. In this context, the aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of cell therapy with a pool of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSC) in an experimental model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. To induce pulmonary emphysema, female mice (n=60) of the strain C57BL/6 (treated animals) were exposed to cigarette smoke, 3 times a day for 90 consecutive and uninterrupted days. Another group of animals (control, n=15) was exposed only to ambient air. Treated and control animals were comparatively evaluated regarding the therapeutic transplantation effects of the pool of BMMC or BMMSC from male C57BL/6-EGFP (Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein) donors. The results showed that cell therapy with either BMMC or BMMSC determined morphological recovery of the pulmonary parenchyma and the reduction of inflammation. No improvement in functional parameters was observed. In conclusion, cell therapy with a pool of BMMC or BMMSC promotes the morphological recovery of the lung parenchyma and reduces inflammation in the lungs of smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice.

First investigation was made to assess the phenotypic and the genetic diversity of nodule occupants harvested from different lupine species in Morocco. The determination of the phenotypic characteristics of strains revealed a wide range of tolerance to pH, to high salt (NaCl) concentrations and to extreme temperatures. Strains were also highly resistant to many heavy metals and antibiotics. Particularly, strains exhibited a fast growth rate and cultural features typical to Rhizobium. Besides, symbiosis with Lupinus luteus showed to be more effective with strains isolated from wild species. Numerical analysis allowed the recovery of interesting strains for use as potential inoculants. PCR-RFLP patterns of 16S rRNA gene indicate a big heterogeneity between the strains with a clear distinction from the reference strains used. However, two strains were closely related to Rhizobium and another strain was grouped with the Mesorhizobium. Further analysis to precise the taxonomic position of these strains is claimed.

Glaze’s many properties, such as strong acid and alkali resistance, non-conduciveness, insolubility, and gas-impermeability, make it a great material to be used as protective membrane to prevent oxidation. The purpose of this study is to examine the Sintered Copper Sheet Metal Glaze Layer Technology. First, to find the best copper sheet metal glaze sintering method, Taguchi L₁₆(4⁵) orthogonal array was used to identify and determine sintering organically by examing different temperatures, firing times, the thickness of the copper metal. Then salt spray test was used to seek the strength of the glaze’s mechanical properties. By applying the optimal design parameters, we identified the significant control factors that determine the optimal sintered ceramic layer of the surface structure. Findings in this study could be further used to seek the optimal composition of metal and glaze in order to improve the yield of glaze related products.

Effect of methionine-containing chelate chrome, having Cr(Mt)₃·4H₂O formula on the protein mass change of rainworms and on the degree of cocoon reproduction is studied, and the impact of various external stress-factors, namely submerging, substrate quality and toxic doses of chelate chrome on the rainworms is established. For these purposes the experiment was carried out according to the same scheme for four options. Four (one control and three test) groups: with maximum (Max.), normal (Norm.) and minimum (Min.) doses of chelate chrome (in gr.) were composed for all options, each with three repetitions. 5 worms with roughly equal masses were selected for each repetition. Weighing and cocoons’ counting were conducted in three stages, on the 21^st, 31^st and 41^st days since the start of the experiment. In the first option of the experiment throughout the course of the test an increase in rainworms’ mass takes place in all groups. Apart from that, in comparison to all test groups the degree of mass increase is high and reaches the maximum in the I test group – 106,19%. As for the increase in the degree of cocoons’ reproduction, it is higher in all test groups compared to the control one and reaches the maximum in the III test group – 142,59%.  On the basis of obtained results the optimum and effective dosage of chelate chrome is established and is 0,0028gr. per 300gr. of. 

When studying external stress-factors – submerging (second option) and low-quality substrate (third option), on the basis of carried-out studies it was established that chelate chrome increases the stability of rainworms against different external stress-factors that is expressed in the fact that in all three repetitions of the control group all worms died during submerging and when using a low-quality substrate, while in test groups part of them died. On the basis of experiments conducted regarding the toxicity of chelate chrome towards rainworms (fourth option) we can conclude that they are quite sensitive towards high doses of microelements which is expressed in the fact that worms’ death took place in all test groups, while five worms in each repetition of the control group were completely intact. Thus, the rainworms can be successfully used as biotests of microelements’ toxicity. This circumstance is very important due to the cheapness and simplicity of the method. 

A suitable heat pump coupled to low-temperature sources can upgrade heat to higher temperatures. This is commonly achieved by consumption of electricity (vapor compression heat pumps) or by thermal means (vapor absorption and solid–gas sorption heat pumps). However, vapor compression and vapor absorption heat pumps are frequent, intensive research on chemical heat pumps conducted in recent years. Since no mechanical compression is required for attaining a considerable temperature rise, chemical heat pumps expected to take an important role in the utilization of solar, geothermal or waste-heats. They do not require electric power and generally have higher thermodynamic efficiencies than mechanical heat pumps. This paper present a detailed simulation of Isopropanol-Acetone-Hydrogen Chemical Heat Pump. The CHP system was simulated using ASPEN PLUS and further analyzed and optimized for the energy efficiency. Under the optimum distillation column condition (Table 2), the COP and exergy efficiency was considered0.25 and 0.33 respectively, which proved that simulation results are greater than the reported results. The developed model can be invoked as a guide for understanding the reaction kinetics for CSTR reactor.

Twitter has attracted a great deal of attention recently. It is one of the most common social networking sites for chats, sharing ideas, and transfer of information and news through text. This paper focused on sentiment classification of twitter data belonging to Sudanese revolution which written using either Modern Standard Arabic or Sudanese dialectical Arabic. Twitter’s API was used to collect tweets related to Sudanese revolution. The dataset consists of 6482 tweets with a good balance of positive and negative sentiments. Three different classifiers were used on the dataset namely; Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB) and Decision Tree (DT) to classify the tweets based on its polarity into positive or negative. We evaluated our work by four different measures which are Precision, Recall, Accuracy and F-measure. We made a comparison between the three classifiers based on those measures. The results show that, SVM achieved the best Accuracy and F-measure and it equals 75.2%, 83.9% respectively. While NB achieved best Precision and it equals 75.2%. Also, DT achieved best Recall and it equals 99.9%. In addition, the percentages of positive and negative opinions toward the government was calculated. 9.4% represents the percentage of positive opinions related the government, while 90.6% represents the percentage of negative opinions related the same government.

Introduction  Gastrointestinal stromal tumors GISTs are rare and fall into the category of non-epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract , involving the stomach at a higher percentage (70 %). The purpose of this study , through a retrospective analysis of the observed cases , is to obtain data on the incidence , survival curve identification of prognostic and predictive parameters .The goal is to collect data concerning the natural history of GIST , 65% of patients were female, 35% male , mean age 64 years. Metastatic disease was assessed by cd171. In this study, n 11 (65 %) cases were L1 ( cd171 ) positive for smooth muscle tumors . Of which 8 with headquarters in the stomach, ileum en 3 . Investigations have been performed immunohistochemistry with CD117 , CD99 , ema .  all enrolled patients tested positive for CD117 .Discussion Thread What are the prognostic factors of GiST is still a matter of debate, but the consensus conference (NIH) in 2001 defined BETHESTHA n 2 parameters which are: the size and mitotic index of 50 HP for the lesions found were reported as accidental the size ranged < 10mm to > 50mm . . . The study carried out shows that the markers are the key to the histological diagnosis of GIST malignancies in GIST have introduced anti-angiogenic therapy with administration of sunitinib at a dose of 50mg/die for 4 weeks every 6 . For the purpose of inhibiting tumor growth with a time of disease-free interval longer. It is evident that in the histological diagnosis of GIST are inserted reporting the results of molecular biology with immunohistochemical markers , in combination with mitotic index , and tumor size in order to define a complete  risks MTS

Emergence and dissemination of carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae represent a significant threat to the management of nosocomial infections. Klebsiella pneumoniae had proved to be the most concerned as multidrug-resistant bacteria causing severe infections with limited treatment options. In the present study, we investigate the molecular epidemiology of 21 ertapenem-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae collected in Rabta hospital of Tunisia, between June 2010 and December 2011. The molecular  epidemiology including the characterization of carbapenemases and others β-lactamases, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, were carried out. Medicals records were reviewed to evaluate predictive factors for infection. All strains were multidrug resistant. The OXA-48 carbapenemase was identified in all strains and was associated with CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-14/CMY-4 in 11 and 1 cases, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing indicated the clonal dissemination of an epidemic strain. The risk factors for acquired OXA-48 infections were: severity of underlying disease, longer length hospital stay and admission to an intensive care unit. Amplification of antibiotic resistance with expression of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase in the same strain requires continuous surveillance programs using molecular techniques as powerful tools for early detection and for prevention of dissemination of these pan-drug-resistant isolates.

The pharmaceutical industry’s primal motive is discovering, developing and producing pharmaceutical drugs for medication. Technological innovations and advancements are an inevitable part of the job for people working in the pharmaceutical sector, so it is critical that learning takes place with these industry- specific challenges in mind. Whether it is determining patient preferences, conducting a drug trial, defining an individual’s market access strategy or leveraging technology to communicate complicated concepts to patients or staff, pharmaceutical industry learning is a rapidly-changing and dynamic field. In this paper, the categories and service models of cloud computing, its technological intelligence, wide range of applications in medical services and healthcare, and challenges in today’s generation with respect to the pharmaceutical sector are presented. The Microsoft Cloud empowers organizations of every size to re-envision the way they bring together people, data, and processes that better engage customers and patients, empower employees  and care teams, optimize clinical and operational  effects, and digitally create a transformation in health.

For pupils in rural areas, English has been one of the most challenging and difficult subjects to learn. Environment, outreach and resources to English materials are among the reasons they are lacking of exposure to the language. It is no wonder the majority of rural school pupils faced hiccups when it comes to written composition. This paper investigates on the use of clustering technique in improving rural primary pupils’ writing skill by employing action research. The objectives of this study are (1) to find out whether clustering technique can help pupils to improve on their writing skill, (2) to look into pupils’ perception on the use of clustering technique in writing. Based on the results accumulated, it was found that clustering was effective in improving the pupils’ writing and they also perceived positive attitude towards the technique during their writing process.

The improved way of communication and even the use of technologies in education have replaced the traditional roles of teachers. Several modern teaching skills are applied at the college level. Skill of set induction, skill of stimulus variation, skill of questioning, skill of explanation and skill of closure are some of the common skills to be used in every class. However, several factors may lead teachers to not practice the learnt teaching skills in the classrooms. Cognitive dissonance can occur in many areas of life, but it is particularly evident in situations where an individual's behavior conflicts with beliefs that are integral to their self-identity. An Education graduate after completing their studies may have strong conviction to use proper skills of teaching in classroom, but later could not transform that into the practice. This may result in cognitive dissonance. This article highlights the factors responsible for the creation of the gap between knowledge and practice in applying modern teaching skills among Nepalese health educators and explains how the teachers cope with the problem created by the difference in knowledge and practice of teaching skills.

The use of color in image processing is motivated by two principal factors.  First, color is a powerful descriptor that often simplifies object identification and extraction from a scene. Color image processing is divided into two major areas: full-color and pseudo-color processing.  In the first category, the images in question typically are acquired with a full-color sensor, such as a color TV camera or color scanner.  In the second category, the problem is on of assigning a color to a particular monochrome intensity or range of intensities. Until recently, most digital color image processing was done at the pseudo color level. However, in the past decade, color sensors and hardware for processing color images have become available at reasonable prices. The result is that full-color image processing techniques are now used in a broad range of applications, including publishing, visualization, and the Internet.

Paper Increase in efficacy rate of early diagnosis of fibrotic changes in the liver remains to be the burning issue in modern hepatology as it is difficult to diagnose the early stage of fibrosis due to its asymptomatic course.  Progression of fibrosis in 60-80% of cases results in diagnosis of the disease at the stage of liver cirrhosis. This results in the increased rates of hospitalization, invalidity and mortality as well as economic losses due to therapy of liver cirrhosis and its complications including liver transplantation. The degree of fibrosis and its progression rate predetermine prognosis of the disease and the choice of therapy. Specification of the stage of the disease in hepatologic diagnosis is an obligatory component along with etiology and activity rate of the process. Therefore, it is of importance to diagnose the disease at its early stages and to evaluate the dynamics in accumulation of the fibrotic tissue.

Background: Shoulder joint has the greatest range of motion so shoulder instability occurs between 10-30% total populations.Objective: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of ultrasound therapy along with elastic band over conventional therapy in subjects with anterior shoulder instability. Study Design: Randomized clinical trials.Method: The study is randomized controlled study, the total subjects were ten for each group. The assessment of pain and ROM were taken before starting the treatment of both the groups. The patient were randomly assigned for both the group, assessment were taken on 0 day and 21 day of pain by VAS, ROM by goniometer.Result:The scores of variables VAS and ROM were improved significantly better in the subjects treated with ultrasound therapy and elastic bands.Conclusion: The study concludes that the elastic band exercise in combination with ultrasound therapy is more beneficial than the manual conventional therapy in shoulder instability condition.

Solar Photovoltaic panels and solar water heating systems are the most used form of harnessing solar energy (utilizing both diffuse and direct radiation) and evidently, the power harnessed by the system is dependent on location, time of the day, the amount of sunshine hours, cloud cover etc. The orientation of the solar energy harnessing devices is another important factor and in fact, the factor that can be easily controlled for maximum power harnessing. This paper presents the calculation of the optimal tilt angle of solar energy devices according to different month, seasons (summer and winter) as well as for a year based on average data of insolation previously recorded for 5 different places of Nepal (latitude 26.45⁰N  to 29.27⁰N). Furthermore, the solar insolation for yearly fixed optimal tilt angle versus seasonal tilt angles has also been discussed and is compared.

Currently, the standard method of cardiac output monitoring is to use a Swan-Ganz catheter. This catheter can lead to complications, and therefore the benefits over risks are being analyzed. In order to have a continuous monitoring of cardiac output or circulatory dynamics in a less invasive form, two different devices were developed. The first device that was developed is the Vigileo monitor (Vigileo) (Edwards Lifesciences corporation, CA, USA) and the second device is the LiDCORapid (Lidcolimited, London, UK). The comparison analysis of the cardiac output was measured between the Vigileo and LiDCORapid. A blood pressure calibrator made by BIO-TEK INSTRUMENTS called BIO-TEK601A was used for the artificial pressure source. Aortic pressure (Ao) and radial artery pressure (Rd) was obtained through the BIO-TEK601A. The CO was displayed from the data that was divided into each model, gender, age and input waveform. For statistical evaluation of the experimental data, Mann-Whitney U-test or Wilcoxon Signed rank sum test were used. The CO results from the Vigileo model were less dependent on the Ao or Rd pressure compared to the LiDCORapid model.  The Vigileo was determined to have less variability with CO results compared to the LiDCORapid model.

Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous product that comes from pyrolysis process of different biomasses, such as lignocellulosic feedstocks. Biomass nature, pyrolysis temperature and speed heating rate affect the physical and chemical characteristics of BC produced. The aim of this work concerned the investigation of recalcitrant aspects of carbonaceous structures in biochar's matrix, which evolved during its long time permanence in soil. Using X-Ray diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy, this study was focalized on the evolution of carbonaceous structures with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Fresh samples, produced in laboratory from larch wood feedstock, were compared with ancient fragments (dated 1859), collected in Oriental Alps soils (PejoValley, Trentino, Italy) and produced in ancient kilns from larch wood as well. From this comparison, we found a significant degradation of aliphatic compounds and low-extended aromatic ring systems as a function of incubation time in soil. It was observed, over degradation on carbonaceous structures, signs coming from the interactions with the environment against the time, such as the adsorption processes of mineral elements and encapsulation of mineral crystalline phases, that increase the stability of the carbonaceous residual fractions of biochar.

Cancer is one of the most cause of death in the world, with increased incidence each year. About 1.7 million women died In 2012, 1.7 million women died in the world with breast cancer. This study aimed to quantify the FDNAF by two markers, the gene expression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and ß-actin, and evaluate which is the best to detect women with breast cancer.50 women were recruited to dose the FDNAF, 30 with breast cancer and 20 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from plasma, and Real time PCR reaction using the GAPDH and β-actin were performed. The GAPDH was the most adequate marker to identify the patients with breast cancer, because they presented higher levels of fragments of free DNA, when compared to healthy controls.

The study examined the competition and choice among inter-city bus operators. The population for the study is made up of 17 transport companies drawn from the available ones plying inter-city routes. Three hundred and ninety copies of questionnaires were administered and analyzed using simple descriptive and percentage frequency. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the degree of importance of the factors that affect the competition and the choice among the intercity bus operators. Findings revealed the order of the factors as safety (0.995), availability (0.993), frequency of service (0.992), comfort & space (0.990), On-off board services (0.981),convenience (0.959),government policy (0.949), schedule reliability (0.948), crew behaviour (0.890)and cost (0.804)affected the competition and the choice among the intercity bus operators.  Thestudy recommends the need for government to step in fully to control the operation of inter-city bus transport in the country, to formulate and review the existing national transport policy that guides and regulate operations of transport services.

In this work,Fractional Integrodifferential Systems in Banach Spaces with  Distributed Delays in the Control of the form is presented for investigation of existence and form of  an optimal control of the  system .Use is made of the Unsymmetric Fubini Theorem to establish the exact  mild solution of the system.The set functions upon which our results hinged are extracted from the mild solution.The concept of the game of pursuit and that of the Signum function are also used to establish results.The main result is built on the maximization of a set function,a technique drawn from the calculus of variation.Necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and form of control for the system are established.

This study will focus on the possibility of cavitation on various tidal turbine blades, constructed from four different airfoils, in particular a symmetrical airfoil, NACA 0024, and three cambered airfoils, Göttingen 770, NACA 4418 and NACA 4424. The optimum geometry of each rotor, in other words the chord length and the twist along the blade, is calculated by a user-friendly application based on the Blade Element Momentum method. This user-friendly application can also predict the power coefficient and the power output for tidal turbine rotors by examining different parameters, such as the hydrofoil profile for the blades, the number of blades, the tip speed ratio, the tidal current velocity and the rotor diameter. The flow over the optimum geometries was simulated by a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics code for two different depths, three different blade lengths and at various tip speed ratios, in order to determine whether it is possible to occur cavitation under these operating conditions. The blade which experienced the less intense cavitation occurrence was the NACA 0024 blade.

New Relativistic Alpha Field Theory (RAFT) extends GR to the extremally strong gravitational field, including Planck scale. In this theory, for spherically symmetric Planck mass, the minimal gravitational length (diameter) is equal to Planck length. Thus, minimal gravitational radius of Planck mass is equal to half of Planck length. The ratio of Planck mass and Planck length is constant, M_p/L_p=c²/G. Generally, in gravitational field, the ratio of mass M and minimal Gravitational length L_g is also constant, M/L_g=c²/G, and the same as the ratio of Planck mass and length. This fact is employed in this paper for derivation of the connections between Planck’s and gravitational parameters. In that sense, the Gravitational length, time, energy and temperature are presented as the function of the Planck length, time, energy and temperature, respectively. This opens possibility for application of QFT to the gravitational field. The existence of a minimal radius in gravitational field means that no singularity in that field. Since the most minimal gravitational radius belongs to the minimal mass, the Planck length is not the shortest meaningful length in space-time.

In this paper, we studied the game of chess, the rook and its movements to capture pieces in the same row or column as the rook. With this idea we applied it to combinatorical problems which involve permutation with Forbidden positions. 

In frequency response methods, we vary the frequency of the input signal over a certain range and study the resulting response. Although the frequency response of the control system presents a qualitative picture of the transient response, correlation between frequency and transient response is indirect, except for the case of second order system in designing a closed loop system. We adjust the frequency response characteristic of the open loop transfer function by using several design criteria in order to obtain acceptable transient response characteristics for the system.

Sn-Zn alloy has been taken as one of the most important lead free solder alloys due to the toxicity and the alpha radiation of lead impurities. The influence of cooling rate on the mechanical and structural properties of Sn – 8.6 wt. % Zn lead free solder alloy was studied.  The microstructure of the quenched and slowly cooled samples of Sn – Zn alloy was examined by X – rays analysis and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There is an appearance of fibrous type striated deformations on the surfaces of the quenched samples more than those on the surfaces of the slowly cooled samples. The hardening parameters were obtained through stress-strain relations in the temperature range 333-393K for slowly cooled and quenched samples. The quenching samples indicated an improvement in the mechanical properties. The energy activated the rate controlling mechanisms has been calculated and found to be 17.85 and 24.57 kJ/mol for slowly cooled and quenched samples respectively. These values were found to be close to those reported for the grain boundary sliding mechanism in Sn-based alloys. 

Corona mortis (CM) is classically defined as the arterial anastomosis between the obturator artery and the inferior epigastric artery that crosses the posterior aspect of the superior ramus of the symphysis pubis. Its clinical impact is considered great, as it lies within the surgical field of numerous specialties (general surgeons, orthopedists, gynecologists, urologists). Our systematic study of the literature revealed a diversity in the incidence of the Corona Mortis between cadaveric and patient studies. The new technological advances and especially the CT angiography, applied on the retropubic region vessels, have given the chance to obtain more precise depictions and thus estimations on the real incidence of corona mortis. This review intends to extract for the first time the corona mortis’ incidence from the major CT angiographic studies in bibliography and compare it with the incidence of CM in the major cadaveric studies. Special attention was given to the question whether this anastomosis is that important as its name implies (mortis) in the clinical setting or not.

This research aims to analyze correlation between surface water quality parameters of River Kushiyara, Sylhet Division, Bangladesh on the basis of physico-chemical parameters such as Temperature, P^H, DO (Dissolved Oxygen), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TS (Total Solids), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and SS (Suspended Solids). Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) is determined using correlation matrix to identify the highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters. To test the significance of the pair of parameters p-value is carried out. There is a relationship between variables which shows that one variable actually causes change in another variable. In rainy season the highest significant correlation is found between COD & TS, TS & TDS, BOD & COD and BOD & SS. In winter season the highest significant correlation is found between TS & TDS, TS & SS, TDS & SS and Temperature & P^H. The DO showed negative correlation with most of the parameters and in winter season the DO show negative correlation with all other parameter more or less, which reveals that when other water quality parameters increase the DO value decreases.

The existing method was further extended with the transmission of covert image with the use of steganography and cryptography with the generation of variable length key which gets created through the minutia. The transmission side is being used for sending the covert image under cover image and is being steganographed. The variable key so generated is used for encryption of the image using mixed key cryptography the recovery exist at the receiver end with the retrieval of encrypted image which is decrypted to get the crypto image. As the process goes we receive the cover image and covert image. Steganography is that the methodology of activity secret information within any style of digital media. the most plan behind steganography is to cover the existence of a knowledge in any medium like audio, video, image etc. once we name image steganography, the thought is kind of easy. Pictures are created from picture elements that sometimes sit down with the colour of that individual pixel. The LSB steganography being Least significant bit, the thought behind LSB embedding is that if we modify the last bit worth of a picture element, there won’t be a lot of visible amendment within the color. In cryptography, a hybrid cryptosystem is one which mixes the convenience of a public-key cryptosystem with the potency of a symmetric-key cryptosystem. Public-key cryptosystems are convenient therein they are doing not need the sender and receiver to share a typical secret so as to speak firmly (among different helpful properties). However, they typically have confidence difficult mathematical computations and ar therefore usually way more inefficient than comparable symmetric-key cryptosystems. In several applications, the high price of encrypting long messages during a public-key cryptosystem is preventive. The biometric authentication could be a security method that depends on the distinctive biological characteristics of a private to verify that he's WHO is says he's identity verification systems compare a biometric information capture to keep, confirmed authentic information during a information. If each samples of the biometric information match, authentication is confirmed. Typically, identity verification is employed to manage access to physical and digital resources like buildings, rooms and computing devices.

This article aims at presenting an analysis of the Creative Accounting phenomenon, both from the quality as well as from the quantity point of view, and from the manipulation practices they have on the financial-accounting information users. Thus, bi-directionally, we analyzed the research subject, in the light of the works published on the theme of creative accounting, but also by implementing direct research on the companies in Romania. We also analyzed the creativity in Accounting from a positive perspective and from a negative one as well, so we could shape up a clear opinion on the impact these practiceshave on the message sent to the users, via the information presented in the financial-accounting situations.

Vocational Education and Training (VET) in Australia has experienced a strong growth in international student enrolments since 1997. A study carried out by Australian Education International (AEI) showed that in 2009 there were approximately 73,100 international student enrolments in the VET sector (AEI 2010). However, Bruce Baird’s review (AEI 2010) points out that alongside the strong international student enrolment growth in the VET sector, the quality education outcome at VET providers has been in question. Nayak and Venkatraman (2010, p. 5) indicate that VET curriculums are not specifically tailored to the learning needs of international students. On this point, Marginson and Eijkman (2007) underscore the need to develop internationalised curricula to acknowledge the divergent learning needs of international students within the Australian VET context. Guthrie (2008) argues that the learning and assessment processes of the Competency-Based-Training and Assessment (CBTA) simply immersed in compliant context that in fact hindered the adoption of the international VET curriculum. Given the myriad issues associated with the management of the learning and assessment of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, it is crucial that VET teachers have sufficient confidence and willingness to confront the complex issues associated with managing international students. With these issues in mind, this paper reviews two research articles that deal with the growing trend of international pedagogy following the Australian VET framework and the challenges faced by the VET teachers in responding to the learning needs and expectations of international students in vocational education.

Algal biomass can be utilized for renewable energy sources, such as hydrogen, biodiesel and biogas. Currently, renewed interest in producing bioenergy from microalgae has arisen because they can grow rapidly and convert solar energy into chemical energy via CO₂ fixation and, thus, are now considered one of the most promising energy sources. Subsequently, microalgae are playing important role in the biological purification of biogas. In this study, samples were collected from fish pond water and samples were enriched and isolated. The strain was identified as species of green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. It was cultivated under open type cement pond systems to produce biomass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of green microalga C. vulgaris on low cost artificial medium. The medium was prepared with rice fertilizer, rice bran, fish meal, lime and urea. This medium was named as, Rameshprabu medium. In this research, we investigated the growth, biomass production and biochemical composition of C. vulgaris using batch culture. The best biomass in terms of high total carbohydrates, protein and lipid production was obtained through using Rameshprabu medium. Furthermore, algal growth removed nitrogen, phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the medium.

In order to improve anti-interference ability of current control in the grid-connected inverter, this paper presents a current control method based on the disturbance observer. According to the disturbance observer control principle, the model of closed-loop current control is used to design current disturbance observing controllers, which makes the change of three-phase grid voltages as external disturbance. This method can reduce the output current harmonics caused by the unbalanced voltages or the voltage distortion, and the simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Despite of relatively high rate of complete tumor responses after radiotherapy (RT) alone or in combination with chemotherapy (ChRT), locoregional relapse is a major reason of failure for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNC). If treatment failure is diagnosed early, salvage therapy could be possible. Such diagnosis is difficult due to the lack of early prognostic markers for discrimination between residual tumor and treatment-related changes shortly after treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical value of CYFRA 21-1 as a potential marker of early failure of radiotherapy in patients with laryngeal (LXC) or hypopharyngeal (HPC) cancer. Material and methods: Consecutive 93 patients with LXC (73%) and HPC (27%) were treated between 2009 and 2011 by RT alone (63%), or ChRT (37%). CYFRA 21-1 was estimated before (CYFRA 21-1₁) and at the end (CYFRA 21-1₂) of the treatment. Results: CYFRA 21-1₁ correlated with T and N stages. Median CYFRA 21-1₂ in patients with partial and with complete remission was 2.33 ng/ml, and 1.65 ng/ml, respectively (p=0.0001). Statistically significant differences in 3-year LRC (82% vs. 42%) and OS (57% vs. 40%) were observed between patients groups with CYFRA 21-1₂ <2 ng/ml and ≥ 2 ng/ml, respectively. In multivariate analysis CYFRA 21-1₂ remained significant prognostic factor for LRC (p=0,0003) and OS (p=0.01). Conclusions: CYFRA 21-1 assessed at the end of the RT or ChRT seems to be a prognostic marker for tumor response. Probability of persistent tumor is markedly higher in LXC and HPC patients with CYFRA 21-1 ≥ 2 ng/ml instantly after treatment.

E-business database is extremely helpful in today's reality as it continued creating and winning tremendous benefit. Information in a database in e-trade is vital. We should have the complete security. Information is the most important resource in today's reality as it takes day –to-day life structure as it record everyday exchange. Databases are the most loved focus to the aggressors. Despite the fact that the examination of client enrollment and recovering secret key, the security issue existing as the conventional strategy for recording in e-business. On the premise of symmetric and hilter kilter encryption advances the half breed encryption advances has been sent to consolidate both of the past advances. Mixture encryption innovation has been to enhance the database security of –ecommerce.

Now a day’s machines are very expensive and having high maintenance and as there is increase in technology in daily activity the manually operated hydraulic wood cutting machine is used. The wood cutting tool is important element for cutting wood into small pieces and which reduces the human effort. It is manually operated machine which reduces the human effort. This is performed in order to improve the quality, efficiency and reduction in cost. The hydraulic wood cutter is the wood cutting machine which is used to cut the wood into small pieces. The wood cutting tool is the main element of the wood cutting device. In this paper deformation analysis of wood cutting tool for variable load is carried out. The deformation analysis is carried out by varying the load acting on the wood cutting tool. The deformation analysis is performed by using ANSYS 15.0. The ANSYS Workbench is an intuitive up-front analysis tool that is used in conjunction with CAD system. ANSYS is a finite element analysis tool for structural analysis which includes linear, nonlinear and dynamic studies. It provides the equation solver for wide range of mechanical problem solvers. For deformation analysis the ANSYS Workbench software is used.In this deformation analysis, it is observed that the deformation increases with increase in load. The deformation analysis is carried out for 200kN, 300kN, 500kN forces on tool which gives deformation in tool element.The simulation for analysis of the deformation behavior wood cutting tool at different loads like 200 to 500 KN at an interval of 100 KN is analyzed. As load increases on the cutting tool the deformation also increases.

Narendra Modi, the prime minister of India, on 8th November 2016, took a bold decision of demonetization of 500 and 1000 Rupees currency notes. The purpose of demonetization was to fight the prevalent black money market of India, but it had various unforeseen outcomes that went against what was ideally planned. This study will help us understand the real intention behind demonetization. Its short and long term effects on the Indian economy and to what extent was it a success in getting rid of black money. This study adopts a pragmatic approach, that’s both descriptive and analytical, based on secondary data to find the real effects of demonetization on the Indian economy. Demonetization turned out to be a disaster for the Indian Economy as it was not able to tackle the black market; instead it put the Indian economy in jeopardy, both, in long and short run.

Objective: To identify the dental caries scenario in children age 5, 12 and 15 attended UiTM dental clinic from 2008 – 2016. Methods: Records of patients treated at the clinics during a ten year period were evaluated. Patients with caries records in deciduous teeth were included in the study. A table was prepared in Excel spreadsheet to extract the data. The data was searched for dental caries prevalence in index age group (5, 12 and 15 years old) separately and following data was extracted: age, gender, years and DMFT index. The database was set up in Microsoft Office 2010 Excel, was submitted and analyzed in the Statistical Analysis Systems program (SPSS 23) using Pearson Chi-Square analysis. The significance level for all the analysis was set at P<0.05. Results: There is a significant difference in the prevalence of caries of 9 years data collected (P=0.048). The highest percentage of caries prevalence (68.1%) was observed in year 2010. Meanwhile the lowest percentage of caries prevalence (56.4%) was observed in year 2013. The mean for DMFT in 2010 was 3.62 (σ = 4.019) while in 2013 the mean for DMFT was 2.82 (σ = 3.873). Caries prevalence in 2008 was 60.5% (σ = 2.093); while in 2016, it was 57.6% (σ = 4.360). Conclusion: The results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was fluctuating throughout the years, which would indicate that there is a need for improvement in the oral health service and more strategic preventive measures must be implemented.

Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) of high resolution aeromagnetic data over Nasarawa and environs was carried out to determine depth to the magnetic basement for hydrocarbon deposit. The technique is a profile or grid-based method for estimating magnetic source depths, source geometries, dip and susceptibility contrast. It is a procedure for automatic calculation of source depths from gridded magnetic data where the depth solutions are saved in a database.  These depth results are independent of the magnetic inclination and declination.The result of the analysis has its highest sedimentary thickness of about 5.297 km and 4.752 km around Akwanaand Adadu areas.The shallow sedimentary thickness occur at basement complex around Kogum River, Pankshin andNasarawaEggonareas at northern fringes.Detailed seismic survey and testdrilling be carried out around Akwana and Adadu areas, withsedimentary thickness of about 5.0 km.

In this paper, an experimental analysis is carried out for a mini-centrifugal pump, which is fabricated by an advanced manufacturing technology like 3D Printing.  A small electric motor is used to drive the pump of 15 cmimpeller diameter, and it is validated for its performance in terms of discharge with the results available in the literature.

Further, the performance of the pump is discussed in terms of other parameters. The discharge of the pump is found to be decreased with increasing head.Similarly, the voltage required for the pumping is found to be increasing with the pumping head. The mini-pump used in the study is found to be perform similar to that of a macro-pump with respect to the discharge of the pump.

The Design and analysis Algorithms expect the focal task in both the technological know-how and ordinary almost about registering. Acknowledgement of this truth has led to the presence of an in-depth number of direction books regarding the matter. All around, they all considered one of two alternatives in displaying calculations. One arranges calculations as in step with a problem type. The sort of ebook might have separate elements on calculations for arranging, looking for, diagrams, etc. The advantage of this technique is that it permits a prompt correlation of, kingdom, the skill ability of different calculations for the same problem. The disadvantage of this system is that it underscores trouble types to the detriment of calculation shape methods. The second one alternative arranges the introduction round calculation structure methods on this affiliation, calculations from numerous areas of registering are collected together on the off danger that they have a similar structure method.

This paper demonstrates the design of a Pulse Oximeter using 8 bit Atmel Microcontroller .The Oxygen Saturation of blood (SpO2) and Pulse Rate are the two important parameters for monitoring patient’s health condition. The method that has been used to measure pulse rate is widely known as photo-plethysmo-graphy (PPG). The Pulse Oximeter is one of the medical device used to measure SpO2 and pulse rate of a person and its readings is analyzed using developed algorithm. The proposed system consists of Finger tip sensor, Analog device, 8 bit Atmel Microcontroller circuit and display unit (PC). The oxygen saturation of blood can be calculated by measuring different intensities of red and infrared lights operating at different wavelengths of 660nm and 940nm. The pulse rate can be calculated by measuring the peaks of IR signal between the elapsed time. All these parameters are measured and then transferred to PC via Bluetooth for displaying the results. Practically, any body part can be used to measure pulse rate through the sensor, although fingertips and earlobes are commonly targeted.

In consideration of adaptability to the environment and flexibility in protocol construction, a power aware routing protocol methodology is proposed in this paper. The major aim of proposed work is to design a simulator for the routing protocols so that we will find out the some parameters like average number of nodes needed to get path from source to destination, average number of retransmission during finding the path from source to destination, average number of throughput and average power remaining of each node.

Progressive die performs a series of operations in a single die at two or more workstations. There is given finish part at eachstroke of press machine. Design and development of progressive die is one of the important phase in sheet metal manufacturing. Thesmall error at any work station can induce heavy manufacturing losses through die failure, part geometry distortion and productionrisk. This research deals with designing a progressive die, simulating the blanking and piercing process. By using this die we canproduce accurate component. In this work authors have designed a progressive die which have two work stations. The former operationis piercing and is followed by blanking. It is the material removing tool. This progressive die is designed for Seva Engineers Pvt. Ltd. which is further used in agricultural sector. There is no of workstation gives the no of operation formed on thepart. Required modeling is done with CATIA.

The production of domestic crude has been declining and the transport system has been increasing depend on imported crude oil to meet its needs. There is a growing concern that the world may run out of petroleum-based fuel resources. All these make it imperative that the search for alternative fuels is taken in right earnest. With the current fuel sources diminishing, we are looking for alternative ways to power our automobiles. With this goal in mind, companies are actively developing various new technologies from the perspective of achieving energy security and diversifying energy sources, which is necessitated by the dwindling supply of petroleum resources. The air engine works with air that is taken from the atmosphere and air pre-compressed in tanks. Air is compressed by the on-board compressor or at service station equipped with a high-pressure compressor. Air powered vehicles provides most comprehensive answer to today’s urban pollution problems in simple economic and most inoffensive manner which makes car users to replace their present cars running on gasoline in the coming years as these cars are safe to use safe to users and are also environment friendly.

In this paper we present example of a specific device used for distraction osteogenesis. Distraction osteogenesis (also called callus distraction, collotasis or osteodistraction) is a surgical process for reconstructing bone deformities or lengthening bones.

In this Paper, a rectangular patch Wi-Fi antenna using coaxial feed is designed, with complete mathematical calculations and the results are simulated using IE3D software with an operating frequency of 2.4  GHz. Wi-Fi is a wireless      networking technology that allows computers and other devices to communicate over a wireless signal, it is also used to create a wireless LAN .Wi-Fi antenna are used at both 2.4GHz and 5 GHz. The Wi-Fi frequency is highest frequency on the mobile phone among all the application frequency. As the Microstrip patch antennas are small in size, light weight and integrated easily on device. the antenna performance is measured on IE3D software and we get optimum result.

The term denial of Service (DOS) refers to form an attacking computers over a network. The denial of service attack is an explicit attempt by an attacker to prevent the legitimate users not to access the services. When this attack is made at a larger amount that is by using multiple computers than it’s known as Distributed   Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) [1]. An attacker can use many techniques for denial of service like flooding technique is to flood a network and reduce the legitimate user bandwidths to disrupt the services of the users. In DDoS attack, the attacker try to interrupt the services of a server and utilizes its CPU and Network. Flooding DDOS attack is based on a huge volume of attack traffic which is termed as a Flooding based DDOS attack. Flooding-based DDOS attack attempts to congest the victim's network bandwidth with real-looking but unwanted IP data. Due to which Legitimate IP packets cannot reach the victim because of lack of bandwidth resource [5]. ICMP FLOOD initiated by sending a large number of ICMP packets to a remote host. As a result, the victimized system’s resources will be consumed with handling the attacking packets, which eventually causes the system to be unreachable by other clients. In this reserach firstly, we detect the ICMP Flood by using various methods and tools and then find out the prevention techniques for DDOS attack using ICMP Protocol.

The paper presents studies and researches in the field of bending of metal parts on CNC machines. The paper proposes laborious research and studies on determining the drawings of metal parts with the thickness between 1 and 3 mm, considering that other variables such: the temperature variation during the processes of punching and bending, tool usage, the tolerance between the surfaces of the bending tools, the vibrations of the machines, their usage and the roughness of the sheet metals may influence the quality and precision of the products. Try to find answers to the many problems arising in the companies due to the quality of the economic goods.

This paper continues the research and studies made to determine the drawing of the bent metal components. During the study we obtained the bending coefficients for the components made out of metal sheet OL 37 with thickness of 1mm and 3 mm.

The geometry of the bending tools and their dimensions represent important variables that can influence the quality and conformity of the products created with digital control machines.

Water is the simplest important element of life that is basic to man’s existence. Most researchers are discouragedfrom working on determination of water consumption rate in Ikirun due to improper and inadequatewater demand data estimate in Ikirun the headquarters of Ifelodun local government in Osun State. Hence, this study determines the rate of water consumption in Ikirun.1213 questionnaires related to water uses and demand rate were randomly distributed to residential, and 250 were administered on institutional, commercial and industrial consumers from high density area (Eweta), medium density area (Oja-Oba, Thursday market, Oke-Afo area) and low density area (Laade/testing ground area) using End Use Analysis Technique.The results obtained show that most residential and commercial consumers source water from deep well, industrial consumers source their water from boreholes while institutional consumers mostly depend on tap water for their basic needs. The total volume of water used daily per house for residential consumers at low density area varied from 95-1255liters, the values at medium density area varied from 3465-11,570liters, while that of high density area varied from 3485-22,805liters. The daily values for total volume of water consumed for commercial, industrial and institutional facilities were4,824, 3299 and 3812 liters respectively. The average water demand for low, medium and high density areas were 25.31 l/c/day, 16.42 l/c/day, and 27.61 l/c/day which is not within the range specified by WHO standard. It is recommended that the water pipe network should be extended to all nook and cranes of Ikirun township to allow consumers access to portable water. 

Traumatic injuries and fractures resulting from falls by elderly individuals have become a major issue for the government bodies responsible for health, medical care, and social welfare because they markedly reduce the individuals’ ability to engage in activities of daily living. Major causes of such falls by elderly individuals are decreased balance ability and impairment associated with aging. Proprioceptive information obtained by movement of the lower extremity muscles and joints are important for maintaining balance. However, there have been very few studies concerned with further quantifying lower extremity proprioceptive sense, which for elderly individuals is important for maintaining standing balance. The objectives of this study were to develop the first device to quantitatively evaluate changes in the proprioceptive threshold (motion sense and joint position sense) that is associated with changes in the angle of the ankle during standing and, based on this evaluation, establish methods of evaluating and training joint sense that are needed to improve balance ability by using a new device.

The subjects were five elderly individuals (mean 71.4 years) and seven young individuals (mean 20.6 years) who were not proficient at sports. A new device was used to evaluate the motion sense and the joint position sense during plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion of the ankle with the individual in the standing position. The device was shown to be capable of measuring ankle proprioceptive sense during standing to 1 degree of accuracy. The subject stood with their dominant foot on the motor-driven foot plate of the device. Next, the motor-driven plate was inclined at a specified angular velocity, and the subject was instructed to stop the plate by pressing a button near their hand when they felt that the inclination angle matched that of the non-dominant leg. Four movement directions were used for the ankle: dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, eversion, and inversion. The two dorsiflexion angles used were 5 and 10 degrees; the three plantar flexion angles were 5, 10, and 15 degrees; the two eversion angles were 5 and 10 degrees; and the three inversion angles were 5, 10, and 15 degrees. The two angular velocities used were 1 and 2 degrees/sec. For the analysis, the inclination angle of the non-dominant foot was used as the set angle, and the angle at which the subject stopped the plate was used as the stop angle. The error (| set angle - stop angle |) was the test parameter. The minimum error value obtained in the two trials was recorded.